Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 197

Essay Example The blacks wanted the power and freedom to determine their own destiny. They believed that the black community was not free until they had the power to determine their own destiny. The party leaders also pushed for full employment of the black people. They believed that it was the duty and responsibility of the federal government to ensure that each man gets employment and is guaranteed a reasonable income. They did not believe in working for the white American businessmen since they believed that doing so would lead to oppression and discrimination. The Black Panther advocates also pushed for restitution for slave labor. They believed that the government has been robbing the blacks by exercising unfair treatment and as a result they were demanding an overdue debt as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of the black community. They also pushed for proper and adequate housing. They believed that the white landlords would not give proper housing and so there was a need for the government to build decent housing for its people. Education was also key in this party. The blacks believed that a man without real knowledge of the society, has little chance of survival. They therefore advocated for education that teaches black history. Blacks also demanded that they should be excluded from military service. They believed that they should not be forced to fight for a racist government that is not protective. Besides, they demanded an instantaneous end of police brutality and murder of the black fraternity. They believed that they could organize and form self-defense troops that would enable them to protect the blacks against violent racist police. Consequently, they also demanded that when brought to trial, blacks should be tried by a jury of their own race as defined by the constitution. Finally, they demanded freedom for all black prisoners held in American prisons and jails. This is because

International and Comparative Employment Relations Assignment

International and Comparative Employment Relations - Assignment Example The major purpose of the discussion is to compare different employment relation systems in different countries taking into the account similarities and differences along with implication for the management of employees within organisations. There is no doubt that different countries have different set of policies, rules, and protocols while managing varied kind of relationships. In the global business environment, American Model pertaining to the industrial relations is majorly followed However, this discussion will develop a European Model for industrial relations. The discussion will majorly focus on employment relation as function and system and applying it in the context of Foxconn with particular reference to the labour standards. The discussion will focus on the importance of maintaining labour standards along with analysing the benefits and challenges in a critical manner. Additionally, the discussion also revolves around examining the extent to which national patterns of employment relations exist and whether there is a shift towards a European Model of managing employee relations (Katz and Kochan, 2002). For this purpose, a critical analysis will be conducted on analysing employment relations systems in different countries along with discussing labour standards in general and in the context of Foxconn. The reason for conducting comparative analysis and discussing labour standards is based on deriving key conclusion by comparing and contrasting the existing results. In the preamble of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, it is clearly mentioned that, relations among countries in the context of trade and commerce should be conducted with a view of raising living standards along with ensuring full term employment (Harvey, et al, 2000). In the context of business organisation operating in developed and developing countries, it was found that liberalisation offered both challenges and opportunities to MNCs

Compare and Contrast Buddhism and Daoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Compare and Contrast Buddhism and Daoism - Essay Example ine being; it does not have worship, praying to, or praising of a divine being (although some sects do.) It offers no form of redemption, forgiveness, no heavenly hope, or a final judgment to those practicing its system. Buddhism is a moral philosophy, an ethical way to live for the here and now of this world to gain the ultimate state. It has more in common with humanism and atheism than its original religion Hinduism it separated from. But Buddhism is not atheism just because they don’t believe in a personal God. It is more like pantheism, there is an impersonal force the void which is the ultimate. For centuries, Buddhism has been the dominant religion of the Eastern world and still remains the predominant religion in China, Japan, Korea, as well as Southeast Asia. In Japan alone there are approximately 200 sects. This makes it difficult to address this religion as a whole since it can be so diversified.1 Gautama, whose personal name according to later sources was Siddhartha, was born in ancient India. It is believed that he was born in the city of Lumbini and raised in Kapilavastu, near the modern town of Taulihawa, Nepal. The traditional story of his life is as follows; little of this can be regarded as established historical fact. Born a prince, his father, King Suddhodana, was supposedly visited by a wise man shortly after Siddhartha was born and told that Siddhartha would either become a great king (chakravartin) or a holy man (Sadhu). Determined to make Siddhartha a king, the father tried to shield his son from the unpleasant realities of daily life. Despite his fathers efforts, at the age of 29, he discovered the suffering of his people, first through an encounter with an elderly man. On subsequent trips outside the palace, he encountered various sufferings such as a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic. These are often termed The Four Sights.† After abandoning asceticism and concentrating instead upon meditation and Anapanasati

International and Comparative Employment Relations Assignment

International and Comparative Employment Relations - Assignment Example The major purpose of the discussion is to compare different employment relation systems in different countries taking into the account similarities and differences along with implication for the management of employees within organisations. There is no doubt that different countries have different set of policies, rules, and protocols while managing varied kind of relationships. In the global business environment, American Model pertaining to the industrial relations is majorly followed However, this discussion will develop a European Model for industrial relations. The discussion will majorly focus on employment relation as function and system and applying it in the context of Foxconn with particular reference to the labour standards. The discussion will focus on the importance of maintaining labour standards along with analysing the benefits and challenges in a critical manner. Additionally, the discussion also revolves around examining the extent to which national patterns of employment relations exist and whether there is a shift towards a European Model of managing employee relations (Katz and Kochan, 2002). For this purpose, a critical analysis will be conducted on analysing employment relations systems in different countries along with discussing labour standards in general and in the context of Foxconn. The reason for conducting comparative analysis and discussing labour standards is based on deriving key conclusion by comparing and contrasting the existing results. In the preamble of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, it is clearly mentioned that, relations among countries in the context of trade and commerce should be conducted with a view of raising living standards along with ensuring full term employment (Harvey, et al, 2000). In the context of business organisation operating in developed and developing countries, it was found that liberalisation offered both challenges and opportunities to MNCs

Social And Natural Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social And Natural Sciences - Essay Example A great contribution of positivism into philosophical and methodological explorative methods is considered further on the example of social and natural sciences. In sociology, positivism is the core paradigmatic methodology. Science and inquiry are two basic pillars of positivism. Still, it is very important to solve the major problem of social sciences, which concerns results finding on the basis of complex species research and study. The roots of Positivism can be traced in the French Enlightenment. The philosopher suggested combining natural sciences principles with social sciences. Comte claimed that religion was conquered by science. It was much important those times to refer to facts and laws, than to suppositions and considerations. Scientific knowledge is outlined by Comte in the following way: the stage of fictitious, metaphysical and scientific knowledge. The last stage of knowledge, scientific knowledge, is preferential for Comte. The development of all other stages, if su ccessfully implemented, would result in scientific knowledge emergence. These stages of knowledge can be also sought in Empiricism. This science is based on observable facts, claiming that logical and mathematical roots are in the background of the facts. The main principle of positivism should be also found in â€Å"positive† information, which can be obtained from a positive experience. A methodological paradigm of positivism consists of science and inquiry. An empirical exploration is of crucial importance for any science.  ... These stages of knowledge can be also sought in Empiricism. This science is based on observable facts, claiming that logical and mathematical roots are on the background of the facts. The main principle of positivism should be also found in â€Å"positive† information, which can be obtained from a positive experience. Therefore, a methodological paradigm of positivism consists of science and inquiry. An empirical exploration is of crucial importance for any science. Thus, from positivist perspective it can be claimed that social phenomena are not distributed in accordance with certain or specific types, where the members of these types are homogenous (Cassell, 2002). In other words, positivist vision or methodology implemented in social sciences is not relevant to the fullest extent. Sociological phenomena are of inhomogeneous nature. For example, a structure of any sociological object or phenomena cannot be considered in accordance with specific features or characteristics, w hich are relevant at all times. Moreover, social processes and generalizations cannot be characterized simultaneously in accordance with homogenous characteristics. For sociological sciences it is of crucial importance to formulate specific hypotheses focused on special sociological events or imagination. A development of sociological theory is one possible way to develop explanations concerning sociological events or objects. Therefore, positivism is often criticized as irrelevant methodology applied for social inquiry. Social science requires development of special approaches focused on â€Å"contingency, heterogeneity, path-dependence, and particularity corresponding to the plasticity of

The College Years Essay Example for Free

The College Years Essay College is a place where the students have a big experience. They can learn about specific subject, acquire knowledge and skills. Although, different students have difference reason to study in a college. College years have also coined personal moments. There are many friends however the relationships in the college might be much closer and warmer. Before we begin to study in college, our life often arranged by our parents and our study often arranged by our teachers, it is very different for us to live and study in college, because students studying in college have to arrange their life. The best time in a college often have comfortable and uncomfortable feeling to live with stranger, because we don’t know each other and perhaps our habits and personality are different. We have cooperate to solve a lot of problems, don’t care about economic problems or situations related with money. Gradually, we can improve our life, share groceries with classmates, books, and notes and sometimes study together when the subject required do it. Consequently the college years are the best moments in our personal life. We go to college to prepare and enjoy. In this part of our life has a very good feeling in our professional life, this part that we never forgot and always remember in our social talk. When recently left from the college all classmate contact to me by phone or by e-mail, after a few months the phones were more random and less frequent. But 5 years latter, every body has new nostalgic moments and organizes a party to share our experience and remember college’s moments. In general the college years are the best time. Never heard that somebody don’t wants to repeat the experience about the college years. We go to college because we like to learn. We go to college for personal fulfillment. We go to college because going to college is an interesting social experience.

Positive and Negative Publicity Strategies

Positive and Negative Publicity Strategies In todays world, image and reputation of a business is critically significant than past due to increased market competition and also, with developed technologies, the consumers can be more easily evaluate to particular brand of product or organization. Therefore, it is essential that businesses and organizations have understanding of the effective and strategy public relation for healthy and positive new development. Successful public relation can be give to organization as a good image, and thus publicity is significant role in terms of successful public relation. Because, publicity can be helps gain public awareness and build relationship between products and consumers. The publicity can be defined in many interpretations. Yet, according to Yale (1991:2), publicity involves supplying information that is factual, interesting, and newsworthy to media not controlled by you, such as radio, television, magazines, newspapers, and trade journals. It can be both positive and negative to ones business or organization and thus, it is significant to be aware of what strategies can support to either improve as a positive or reduce a negative way, rather than just simply analysis how they are addressed. Due to organization crises frequently result in negative publicity, threatening the image of the company, the company should have an effective tactics for reduce the impact (Dean, 2004). Furthermore, organization need to try achieve positive publicity for enhance their healthy image and reputation for a successful within market competition. As a result, crisis management is mostly important tactic, which could be positive publicity or an overcome in a negative wa y, and once overcome in a negative way; publicity has essentially support public relation endeavors. In this essay will look at both in positive and negative publicity and explain the strategies which can assist both. Also, it will examine two cases (Johnson Johnson and Toyota) of negative publicity, how they reacted to reduce impacts and which crises management can be support. Strategic positive publicity tips Positive publicity is a main issue when organizing new event or product because it allows to company send a message out to wider audience in effective way, rather than reach the message personally. In a further extend, it is normally acknowledged to be more credible and more influential than company-controlled communications (Wragg, 1981). In this sense, therefore, it is vital to know which strategies can be support to maintain positive publicity. Firstly, organization has to become familiar with the wide range of publicity tools available with them (Wragg, 1981). It can be feature articles, news releases, interviews, press conferences and special events. Besides, these days people more familiar with online sources such as online news reports, blog posts, Facebook updates, YouTube videos and Twitter entries. For instance, good news may spread to wider audience via online sources and its may potentially create healthy public image (Lawrence, 2010). Therefore, select effective publicity tool is most important point that can be achieve positive publicity. In addition, the media can be an effective publicity tool if it is used correct for building healthy image between an organization and the community. As noted by Wragg (1981:17), the media is one of the main avenuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦value of the media in influencing or bringing a message to the notice of the greatest number of people in the shortest time. With developed technologies, most of consumers are able to interact with at least one source of media tool and thus, using effective media is opportunities organization to communicate with consumers. For instance, consumer may evaluate what the organization say and what they do via growth of media. Secondly, organization needs to develop making a publicity plan for presenting their message to the public via the media. As mentioned by Yale (1991:13), with a good publicity planning will help the organizations come out ahead in the competition for space in publications and air time. In a further extend, the organizations can get a lot of coverage for free if it is done correctly and sent to targeted media (Yale, 1991). Effective publicity plan can be including as determine goal of event or product and also decide what message send to public. It may create public awareness that the event or product, build a stronger reputation within ones community or simply to introduce organization to the media and public (Hashemi, 2008). After knowing organizations goal, it enables to determine right target audiences which deliver the message to people who will be interest the message (Hashemi, 2008). Therefore, effective publicity plan is most important strategic for maintain positive publicity , and its lead to good image of ones business. As a result positive publicity can be establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between organization and its publics (Hasek, 2001). In other words, effective publicity supports public relation as successfully. Make lower and prevent negative publicity Look at the reality; it is really obvious, that one little mistake, rumor or gossip can make a serious damage ones business image even though the company is a market leader. This can be regarded as negative publicity. According to Parvesh (2007), negative publicity is the adverse publicity that an organization may incur due to a particular reason, which may lead to potentially disastrous consequences. Like this, negative publicity has the possible to injury corporate image and reputation. this is due to its high credibility as well as the negativity effect, a tendency for negative information to be weighted more than positive information in the evaluation of people, objects, and ideas (Mizerski, 1982 cited by Dean, 2004:193. Because the media has a preference for reporting bad news (Dennis Merrill, 1996), thus companies are more likely to receive bad press rather than positive press. Furthermore, blog, online forum and talk radio and uncontrolled media, it is easier than past, to da mage organization image and reputation (Jenness, 2002). Therefore, It is compulsory know that how to organization can diminish the negative publicity, and get better their image in the public. According to Jenness (2002),negative publicity can be the result of a mishandled crisis. In a further extend, negative publicity is often occurs due to wrong response from the crisis. Perrier, for example, Perrier was unable to overcome negative publicity when top management hesitated in the crisis-solved process. Traces of benzene were found in the companys bottled water in 1990, however top management reassured the public that it was necessary to recall contaminated bottles only in North America. The crisis continued when scientists found benzene in bottled water being sold in Europe (Broom, Center Cutlip, 2000:128). Finally, media discovered, and reported, that benzene-tainted product had been sold all over the world for months. The media questioned Perriers integrity and concern for public safety, and the company lost its dominant position in the market place; it has been unable to rebuild its reputation due to mishandled the crisis (Jenness,2002). This may suggest that effectiv e crisis management is necessary for a reduce damage organization image or reputation. Effective crisis management can be regarded as careful planning, research and training, which can be overcome negative publicity. As Perrier crisis publicity suggests that, consumers need honest answer and they need them fast. Therefore, the company should have good crisis planning for deal with negative publicity. The plan can be include recall the all the products and make an apology to public. Moreover, Berger, Sorensen and Rasmussen (2003:23) suggest that dedicate a team to keep a sharp eye on all fronts, including the Internet which involves blog, online forum and search engine ranking. This can be excellent strategy for prevent from negative publicity. For instance, negative movie review on the magazine or online forum, it may badly influence to the movie itself and also production company, because it leads to lose consumers attention and also possibly to decrease sale a movie ticket. Like this, company need keep look at any comments or developments that might turn ugly. Although it can never be all-encompassing, its better to be aware of possibilities than being caught unawares (Berger et al, 2003:32). Develop Optimal Communication Plan In addition, it is necessary develop optimal communication strategy for reduce negative publicity. For reduce negative publicity, the company may training about how to communicate with the media press and the public about the crisis that is happening. As noted by Dean (2004) has developed a classification of communication strategies that can be employed during a crisis event to manage the image of the affected organization. The company need well prepared communication plan for interview or presentation that open communicate with public in order to protect organization image by negative publicity. In addition, communicate in web-site or informal networking can be useful tool for present information as effectively. Word-of-mouth, for example, it can be powerful tool for positive publicity or negative publicity, yet generally assumes that negative word-of-mouth should hurt product success (Berger et al, 2003:26). Therefore, the company need develop word-of mouth communication in order t o quash rumor or gossip and make consumers more aware or encourage the product or event. As a result, careful planning, research, and training can lessen negative publicity and can assist companies control crises. Is Negative Publicity Can being a Good Thing? On the other side, according to Berger et al (2003:33), though negative publicity can definitely hurt sales in some cases, in others, negative may actually be positive. In a further extend, even though negative publicity can be damage organization image or reputation, it may occurs positive effect in some case if the negative image can assist to increase public attention, overwhelming the negative influences . It suggests that, because negative publicity can increase product awareness and accessibility; it can sometimes have a positive influence on product choice and sales (Berger et al, 2007:3). Due to number of brands are in market place, it is important that get a consumers awareness in order to successful business. Informal media or word-of-mouth, for instance, even though they are presents the products or event as badly, consumers may more inform of their particular product or event. Moreover, Berge (1990:25) mentioned that a wine described as redolent of stinky socks, saw its s ales increase by five percentages after it was reviewed by a prominent wine website. Also, indirect negative publicity can be positive in terms of sales. For example, when Britney Spears represented as issue maker via media, such as hit to paparazzi, over binge problem, her new album Circus actually more increased sales, because the articles also mentioned her new album, and thus direct positive publicity (Berger et al, 2007:15). Like this, these examples show that negative publicity can be a good thing in some case. In addition, after effectively overcome and control the negative organization image and reputation, the organization can regain the consumers trust. In other words, after found lots of problems from the public, as negative publicity, the organization may use them as feedback in order to rebuild their positive image. It may take a long time, however, with resolved negative image, the organization potentially get a public attention. Two cases of organization crisis As a mentioned above, when organization crisis and its damage by negative publicity, It is important figure out what actually happened, how the negative publicity that affect the organization and how to manage in order to solve the crisis. In this part will look at two different examples, Johnson Johnson of Tylenol and Toyota Recall, which used different ways to manage the emergency situations and have different public opinions. Johnson Johnson of Tylenol Scandal In 1981, Chicago, U.S.A, seven customers who took Tylenol died of injected poison. In this tragedy, Johnson Johnson lost their image as market leader and also huge damage corporate reputation. This suggests that they might have had no choice without to give up the brand of Tylenol. Tylenol was the top-selling product by Johnson Johnson. Yet, after the crisis, according to Kaplan (1998), the publicity about the cyanide laced capsules directly caused a nationwide panic and also the company found itself in a real dilemma. Also, many people said that Tylenol as a brand could no longer survive in market place. Moreover, the media interpreted the issue as badly. Therefore, these poisonings made it compulsory for Johnson Johnson to launch a public relations strategy immediately, in order to save the reliability of both their product and corporation as a whole (Kaplan,1998). Toyota Recall Crisis Toyota was play a dominant role in the developing automatic in the world, with high-quality and high technology lead to Toyotas high credit in market place. They are reached the best seller between within all vehicles company, and also build good reputation during last 40 years (Edmund, 2010). It suggests that Toyota be covered in media as positively, and its lead to maintain their good image for a long period. Though, recently the negative publicity around the Toyota company as fast and quick due to acceleration problem. Toyota got a lot of complains about the acceleration and they eventually has recalled eight million vehicles worldwide, including a total of six million in the U.S., because of acceleration problems. Consumers may keep away from Toyota brand because they might be thinking that Toyota is not safe and reliable anymore. Like this, the company suffers from the very serious credit crisis, as noted by Horrel (2010), the long-term loss of reputation could be the real knock out punch for Toyota. After that, it seriously damaged Toyotas high-quality image in the public. Different reaction between Johnson Johnson and Toyota The first different between two companies is how honestly they react from the crisis. According to Dean (2004), Johnson Johnson handled a disastrous crisis amazingly well in 1982 and the companys reaction remains as a model for effective media relations. They let customers know about this awful incident via the media instead of concealing the fact. Contrary, even though Toyota already found the problem early time, they denial for the reputation and conceal the problem, which do not take any responsibility of the issue. Therefore, the public view began to turn away from Toyota (Horrel, 2010). In addition, another different point between two companies is that how actively the take action toward the crisis. After cyanide was discovered in some capsules of Tylenol, a product used by an estimated 100 million people, Johnson Johnson decided to cooperate fully with the media. It immediately announced a recall of all Tylenol packages in both U.S. and foreign markets. They decide not use the all the recalled products even though after results proved that there was no problem in the manufacturing procedure (Kaplan, 1998). However, even Toyota recalled a mounts of vehicles in 2009, the problem still existing and recall increased occurs. Eventually, on January, 2010, Toyota decide stop to producing the recalled model. Their reputation gets serious damage at the same time. The last thing which different between two companies is that lack of sincerity to customers. Tylenol put lots of endeavor into regain trust of the public. The companys decisions, which were based on the business principle of being socially responsible, earned Johnson Johnson praise from the media. According to Dean (2004:197) the company received additional positive press coverage when it subsequently introduced its new tamper-resistant packaging. Although not being able to control media coverage of the situation, Johnson Johnson was able to gain positive publicity because the company had an open communication plan and knew what to do during a crisis (Kaplan, 1998). Therefore, Johnson Johnson got a good image, which involves the company considers customers safety, and quickly recovered their reputation in an effective way. On the other side, Toyota still struggling with the crisis and respond to lessen impact with the CEOs apologies to the public, the purpose is reducing the negat ive publicity as much as possible. Yet, it seems to be hard to rebuild their reputation as before. As like, determination that a firms actions or inactions are directly responsible for a tragic event is likely to severely affect consumer regard for the organization (Dean, 2004:201). As a result, two cases show that crisis can be huge damage to organization image, yet, with well-organized strategy, the crisis could be solved and rebuild the positive reputation. To conclude, publicity can be assist organization image and reputation either as positively or as negatively. Therefore, it is important to understand the strategies that can be employed to assist both. By understanding of them, the organization can be maintain positive publicity for develop their healthy image, on the other side; they also enable to make lower negative publicity in order to reduce and prevent organization image. As mentioned above, two cases (Johnson Johnson and Toyota) shows that how the negative publicity has affected the organization in terms of image and reputation. Especially, when organization is in a crisis, it would be help to rebuild good image if they using publicity as effectively. As a result, publicity has essentially supported public relations endeavors, because publicity allows achieving public awareness and building relationship between products and consumers. Therefore, once organization uses positive strategies in order to gain a good image, it ca n be actually supported public relation in effective way.