Dollar General Corporation Essay

Abstract Dollar General Corporation is United States largest small-box discount retailer headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee [1]. Dollar General offers both name brand products and generic merchandise [2]. Its competitors include Family Dollar, Dollar Tree which also operate in deep discount segment of US retailing. The following case study discusses about the various political, economic, social and technological forces that Dollar General have faced and their impact on the company. The report also talks about the critical success factors of Dollar General. The report is concluded by summary of key learning’s from the case study. PEST Analysis for Dollar General Political: In the year of 2006, Janet Calvert, a former store manager, filed a complaint that she was paid less than the male storage managers because of her gender, in violation of the Equal Pay Act and title VII of Civil Rights act of 1964. There were other plaintiffs which were added to this case. This case resulted in Dollar General reaching a settlement in principle, by which it would pay $15.5 million to the plaintiffs and their legal charges costing around $3.25 million. The company was expected to receive reimbursement of $15.9 million from its Employment Practices Liability Insurance if these payments were approved by the court. This case did impact Dollar General Approach towards pay setting policies and procedures for new store managers [3]. Economic: During the recession period from 2007-2009, the customers of Dollar stores suffered from unemployment and lower purchasing power. And even the people from higher income brackets started purchasing the dollar store products fo r seeking larger bargains. This led to the increase in the customer traffic and larger sales for Dollar stores. Dollar general  captivated upon this scenario and continually reviewed its merchandise mix, and adjusted it accordingly. It expanded its offerings of consumable goods to serve customers’ needs and increased its sales [3]. Dollar General captured trade-down shoppers who came from middle and higher level of incomes (who generally had not shopped at dollar stores for all these years, but came during the recession to find bargains). Over the time the company adjusted its pricing strategy for items by pricing it from $1 to no more than $10. And managers of this company also believed that the company’s ability to attract customers of varying economic status depends on offering both national and store brands [3]. This way Dollar General was able to satisfy the customers of varying economic status, which resulted in more sales and profit for the company. Social: Consumer psychology during the recession period was to get the products at a lower price and the store to be available at a convenient distance (not too far). During this time Dollar General varied its price from $1 to no more than $10 and offered consumable goods at a very reasonable price. And it has also opened new stores within the reach of 3 to 5 miles, so that every customer is able to get easy access to their neighbourhood store [3]. This resulted in satisfying customer’s need as well as increasing company’s sales. Technology: During the year 2008 when the cost of the fuel increased, the Dollar General’s distribution costs went up and the company’s gross profit was affected. In order to mitigate this problem, the company completed the installation of a voice pick system by the year 2010 in all the distribution centres, so that the employees in the distribution centres can communicate with warehouse software systems by speech recognition [3]. This was a good strategic move by the company as its use is expected to increase rapidly over the next few years with evolving technological advancements. The company also installed new analytical and monitoring tools to assist with inventory shrinkage reduction efforts [3], which was a major part of company’s effort to increase gross margin. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS’s for Dollar General In this case for instance, good leadership and management was a CSF for Dollar General. As we can see that, there was major expansion of business activities and stores with the entry of David Perdue (the company’s new  general manager) in the year 2003. In addition, the company through his leadership also initiated Project Alpha, which was based on extensive analysis of performance of each store and the company’s inventory management model. Few of the structural changes that company undergone during this project include shutting down over 400 underperforming stores and writing off old inventory. These strategic alignments have been the major part of company’s CSF, as it was able to focus more on most viable stores and new inventories which have led the company into high effectiveness in their business activities [4]. Moreover, the company specialized in low, middle and fixed income families as their major customers. This has been used as the company’s CS F, as this group forms the largest proportion in the market. Even though the purchasing power of this category is low when compared to the higher segments in U.S. but their huge population is a contributory factor for success of the company [4]. Dollar General Social responsibility Rick Dreiling, Chairman and CEO of Dollar General, explained the company’s commitment towards literacy through the Dollar General Literacy Foundation program. The company actively engages customers in a way: â€Å"At each and every cash register of a Dollar General store, customers get to learn about the Dollar General Literacy Foundation program through brochures with a postage-paid reply card that can be mailed in for a referral to a local organization that offers exclusively free literacy services. Further, they also have the opportunity to donate money to this worthy cause. In 2012, Dollar General Customers donated more than $10 million to directly benefit the Dollar General Literacy Foundation’s efforts in helping people learn how to read, speak English or get their General Education Diploma (GED) [5].† Key learning’s from the case From this case one can clearly understand that Dollar General played its cards right. When there was recession, the company retained its regular customers and attracted new customers by adjusting sales mix in order to drive more customer traffic and larger purchases. It expanded its stores by taking the advantage of weak real estate market to lower its operating costs for future years. Careful management of merchandise categories had allowed  Dollar General to increase its same-store sales. Private label brands during recession helped increase the growth of the company. These all strategic moves which were made under efficient leadership and management transformed the company into a leader in the dollar store retail sector with sales of more than $13 billion by 2011 [3]. References [1] Dollar General, Retrieved October 11 2014, http://www2.dollargeneral.com/About-Us/pages/Index.aspx [2] Dollar General, Retrieved October 11 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_General [3] Parnell, John A. (2014). Strategic Management: Theory and Practice. 4th edition. SAGE Publications. [4] Dollar General Case Memo Marketing Essay, Retrieved October 11 2014, http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/dollar-general-case-memo-marketing-essay.php [5] Amway, GM, and Dollar General among corporations making ‘Good’ A Goal, Retrieved October 10 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2013/08/29/amway-gm-and-dollar-general-among-corporations-making-good-a-goal/2/

Biology Interest Among Asasipintar Students

biology interest among ASASIPINTAR STUDENTS | A MINI PROJECT REPORT| Submitted by 1. AHMAD SYAZWAN BIN SUHAIMI AP00161 2. IZZATY SHAIMA BINTI SHAMSUDIN AP00164 3. MUHAMMAD FAIZUAN BIN AMINUDDIN AP00159 4. SITI NABILA AMIRA BINTI SAMSUDIN AP00158| Submitted toMiss Noraniza Binti IbrahimSTATISTICS (PNAP0154)ASASIpintarPUSAT PERMATApintarTM NEGARAUNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM)APRIL 2013| Table of Contents Content| Page| Abstract| | Introduction to project topic| |Methods of Data Analysis| | Analysis and Results| | Conclusion| | References| | Appendix| | | ABSTRACT Most students have to take biology as one of the subjects graded in their CGPA. But not all students want to be a doctor or have much interest in biology. Quizzes and test are frequently used to measure the level of understanding of students towards specific topic of a subject Biology quizzes are common, and their marks or scores in these quizzes can be used to measure either their effort in the quizzes or their interest in biology or maybe both.This research paper discussed the relationship between the interest in biology and their total score, gender and their study style and lastly the relationship between scores 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Overview Biology is one of the compulsory courses that have to be taken by ASASIpintar students. This course aims to enhance the students’ understanding and knowledge in biological sciences. Teaching methods include small group lecture, tutorial, laboratory experiments, independent learning and problem based learning. Students will be assessed by weekly quizzes, lab reports, and mid-semester and final semester examination.However, the interest level of students in Biology differs from one another. Other than that, their style of studying Biology or doing their revision on this particular subject is also different between students. This project aims to study the relationship between these two factors, which are the level of interest in Biology and their style of learning and studying the subject with the scores that these students gained in their topical quizzes. 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. 1. To investigate the relationship between interest and total score 2. 3. 2.To investigate the distribution of interest in biology among student 2. 3. 3. To investigate the relationship between gender and study style 2. 3. Research Question 2. 4. 4. Does interest has any relationship with the total scores gain by student in their quizzes? 2. 4. 5. What are the distribution of interest in biology among student? 2. 4. 6. Is there any relationship between gender and their style of study biology? 2. 4. Research Hypothesis A statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about the population parameter. This conjecture may or may not be true.Null hypothesis (Ho) is a statistical hypothesis states that there is no difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is no difference between the two parameters while alternative hypothesis (H1) is a statisti cal hypothesis that states the existence of a difference between a parameter and a specific value, or states that there is a difference between two parameters. 2. 5. 7. Hypothesis 1 Ho: There is no relationship between interest and total score H1: There is relationship between interest and total score 2. 5. 8. Hypothesis 3 Ho: The students’ interest in biology are distributed as follows; 17. % are not interested, 20% are moderate and 62. 5% are interested in biology. H1: The distribution are not the same as stated in Ho. 2. 5. 9. Hypothesis 2 Ho: There is no relationship between gender and study style H1: There is relationship between gender and study style 2. 5. 10. Hypothesis 4 Ho: There is no relationship between interest and study style H1: There is relationship between interest and study style 2. METHODOLOGY Herein, the chosen respondents were randomly selected from ASASIpintar students. The survey methods are the research instruments used for the data collection. 0 stud ents of ASASIpintar were chosen in this study accomplished a questionnaire to assess their biology quizzes’ marks. The computed values are compared to the Likert scale for data interpretation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. These will be presented below: 3. 5. Descriptive statistics The descriptive method is used to collect the necessary data. In the descriptive statistic, the measures of tendency (mean, mode, median and variance) will be calculated. Measures of tendency are numerical values that locate, in some sense, the center of a data set.The data will be presented in bar chart or pie chart for qualitative data and histogram for quantitative data. 3. 6. Inferential statistics The inferential statistics using sample data to draw coclusions about the ASASIpintar students. The sample random is selected and the information gained from it is used to make generalizations about the ASASIpintar students. 3. 7. 11. Correlation 3. 7. 12. 1. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship of non-parametric data. One of the tests is to check the relationship between gender and the study style.The linear correlation coefficient (r) is used to measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables 3. 7. 12. 2. Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between parametric and non-parametric data. One of the tests is to check the relationship between interest of the students towards biology and their total score. The linear correlation coefficient (r) is used to measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables 3. 7. 12. Comparison Test 3. 7. 13. 3. Chi-squareThe Chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to how well a particular statistical distribution, such as a binomial or a normal. The null hypothesis Ho is that the particular distribution does provide a model for the data; the alternative hypothesis H1 is that it does not. 3. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 4. 7. Descriptive statistics 4. 8. Inferential statistics 4. 9. 13. Relationship between interest and total score VARIABLES| R| R SQUARE| Interest and Total score| . 399| . 159| Since r = 0. 399, there is weak positive correlation between total score and interest. Since r= 0. 159, this indicates that 15. % of the variation in total score can be attributed to the linear relationship with the interest. 15. 9% of total variation in total score is explained by regression line using the interest. Another 84. 1% is explained by other variable. Since the P-value is 0. 011 and it is less than ? -value, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is sufficient evidence to show that there is relationship between the interest and the total score. It is proven that the interest does affect the total score. 4. 9. 14. Distribution of interest in biology VARIABLES| P-VALUE| Interest in biology| 0. 190|Since the P-value is 0. 19 and it is more than ? -value, the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected. There is sufficient evidence to show that the students’ interest in Biology are distributed as follows; 17. 5% are not interested, 20% are moderate and 62. 5% are interested in biology. 4. 9. 15. Relationship between style and gender VARIABLES| P-VALUE| Style and Gender| 0. 558| Since the P-value is 0. 558 and it is more than ? -value, the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected. There is sufficient evidence to show that there is no relationship between the study style and gender.It is proven that the gender is independent to the study style. The study style may affected by environment and the students’ self. 4. CONCLUSION 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDIX 7. 9. Questionnaire Personal information| | Age | | Gender | | Interest in biology| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| | | | | | | Which of the following is the way you study? | | Study alone| | Group study| | Continuous study| | Stay up| | What is your marks in following quizzes? | | The cell| | Cellular respiration| | Biochemistry | | Photosynthesis | | Plant physiology | | 7. 10. Analysis of interest & total score Correlations| | TotalScore| Interest|Spearman's rho| TotalScore| Correlation Coefficient| 1. 000| . 399*| | | Sig. (2-tailed)| . | . 011| | | N| 40| 40| | Interest| Correlation Coefficient| . 399*| 1. 000| | | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 011| . | | | N| 40| 40| *. Correlation is significant at the 0. 05 level (2-tailed). | 7. 11. Analysis of gender ; style Correlations| | Style| Gender| Style| Pearson Correlation| 1| -. 095| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 558| | N| 40| 40| Gender| Pearson Correlation| -. 095| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 558| | | N| 40| 40| Case Processing Summary| | Cases| | Valid| Missing| Total| | N| Percent| N| Percent| N| Percent|Gender * Style| 40| 100. 0%| 0| 0. 0%| 40| 100. 0%| Gender * Style Crosstabulation| | Style| Total| | Discussion| Study Alone| Stay up| continuous study| | Gender| Male| Count| 4| 6| 5| 5| 20| | | Expected Count| 4. 0| 7. 5| 4. 0| 4. 5| 20. 0| | female| Count| 4| 9| 3| 4| 20| | | Expected Count| 4. 0| 7. 5| 4. 0| 4. 5| 20. 0| Total| Count| 8| 15| 8| 9| 40| | Expected Count| 8. 0| 15. 0| 8. 0| 9. 0| 40. 0| Chi-Square Tests| | Value| df| Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)| Pearson Chi-Square| 1. 211a| 3| . 750| Likelihood Ratio| 1. 221| 3| . 748| Linear-by-Linear Association| . 355| 1| . 551| N of Valid Cases| 40| | | . 6 cells (75. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4. 00. | 7. 12. Analysis of gender ; interest Case Processing Summary| | Cases| | Valid| Missing| Total| | N| Percent| N| Percent| N| Percent| Gender * int| 40| 100. 0%| 0| 0. 0%| 40| 100. 0%| Gender * int Crosstabulation| | int| Total| | not interested| moderate| interested| | Gender| Male| Count| 2| 6| 12| 20| | | Expected Count| 3. 5| 4. 0| 12. 5| 20. 0| | | % within Gender| 10. 0%| 30. 0%| 60. 0%| 100. 0%| | | % within int| 28. 6%| 75. 0%| 48. 0%| 50. 0%| | | % of Total| 5. 0%| 15. 0%| 30. 0%| 50. 0%| female| Count| 5| 2| 13| 20| | | Expected Count| 3. 5| 4. 0| 12. 5| 20. 0| | | % within Gender| 25. 0%| 10. 0%| 65. 0%| 100. 0%| | | % within int| 71. 4%| 25. 0%| 52. 0%| 50. 0%| | | % of Total| 12. 5%| 5. 0%| 32. 5%| 50. 0%| Total| Count| 7| 8| 25| 40| | Expected Count| 7. 0| 8. 0| 25. 0| 40. 0| | % within Gender| 17. 5%| 20. 0%| 62. 5%| 100. 0%| | % within int| 100. 0%| 100. 0%| 100. 0%| 100. 0%| | % of Total| 17. 5%| 20. 0%| 62. 5%| 100. 0%| Chi-Square Tests| | Value| df| Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)| Pearson Chi-Square| 3. 326a| 2| . 190| Likelihood Ratio| 3. 461| 2| . 177| Linear-by-Linear Association| . 63| 1| . 686| N of Valid Cases| 40| | | a. 4 cells (66. 7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3. 50. | ANOVA| | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Score1| Between Groups| 87. 811| 4| 21. 953| 2. 331| . 075| | Within Groups| 329. 689| 35| 9. 420| | | | Total| 417. 500| 39| | | | Score2| Between Groups| 31. 709| 4| 7. 927| 1. 950| . 124| | Within Groups| 142. 266| 35| 4. 065| | | | Total| 173. 975| 39| | | | Score3| Between Groups| 9. 376| 4| 2. 344| . 710| . 591| | Within Groups| 115. 599| 35| 3. 303| | | | Total| 124. 975| 39| | | | Score4| Between Groups| 21. 78| 4| 5. 494| 1. 217| . 321| | Within Groups| 158. 022| 35| 4. 515| | | | Total| 180. 000| 39| | | | Score5| Between Groups| 24. 961| 4| 6. 240| 1. 195| . 330| | Within Groups| 182. 814| 35| 5. 223| | | | Total| 207. 775| 39| | | | We used the Other than that, Check relationship between interest and total score – weak relationship Style and total score – no correlation Between score – correlation pearson Correlation coefficient – spearman Style and interest – no correlation – pearson Gender and score – -weak relationship – spearman Style and gender – chi square test = no relationship

2014 Scholarship Essay Contest Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2014 Contest - Scholarship Essay Example Besides, students at Wayland Baptist University are also sensitive to people from diverse backgrounds. They show respect and integrity by treating people from diverse backgrounds and indeed everyone, with care, kindness and compassion. That way, they become trustworthy and dependable for whatever duty they are called to serve because they do it from the bottom of their hearts. Other values that exemplify students at Wayland Baptist University are excellence and innovation. By understanding that every duty is a service unto the Lord God, students give their best to achieve excellent results. They also commit themselves to make effort to improve the world around them through innovation and research. That way, they come out as responsible members who are sensitive to the people and environment around them. Such values not only enable students to acquire positive attributes required in life, but also enhance their spiritual development. Upon completion of my degree program at Wayland Baptist University, I will use the knowledge and attributes gained to do the following. First, I will use the knowledge and attributes gained to improve the community through being a community watchdog. From wherever disposition of life the Lord God shall grant me, I will use that platform to ensure that justice prevails in the society. That is to imply that I shall not hesitate to rebuke evil and corruption of human beings in the society. Human beings become corrupt before God when they advance their own self-interests at the expense of others. They oppress the widows and the orphans as well as the weak. They do not give the full measure of what others deserve to get in various bargains of life. As long as I shall be privy to such information, I will rebuke such deeds to promote fairness, justice and ethical behaviors. I will also share the positive teachings I have learned at Wayland Baptist University with others in the community so

Paramedic Science (Medical) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paramedic Science (Medical) - Essay Example The area deprived of blood supply is said to have suffered ischemic injury. The ischemic injury, if severe enough to cause the complete block of oxygen and nutrients causes death of the heart tissue, which is termed as Myocardial Infarction (Guyton et al 200, Ganong 2005). The blood vessels supplying the heart are called coronary arteries. There are three main coronary arteries which supply different areas of heart along with their branches. These are 1) Right coronary artery, 2) Left anterior descending artery, 3) Left circumflex artery. Above 90% cases of myocardial infarction occur as a result of coronary artery blockage, thus the disease is also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common and dangerous cause of coronary artery obstruction, and thus MI is Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing of arteries because of accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are basically thrombi composed of lipid foam cells (cholesterol) and differe nt cell components including smooth muscle, macrophages and collagen fibres. In most instances, the ischemic myocardial infarction is precipitated by the phenomenon called acute plaque change. Acute plaque change results from the rupture of pre-existing thrombi that partially occlude the lumen. The rupture exposes the underlying thrombogenic endothelium. The plaques are also termed as vulnerable plaques as they contain lipids in high amounts, along with collagen fibres and inflammatory cells. When ruptured, the reactivity of these components causes the inflammatory destabilization and result in the infarction (Libby P 2001). The acute phase reactant, C reactive protein (CRP) is thus found to be high during the acute myocardial infarction (Blake et al 2003). The infarction can occur in either of the two patterns, complete occlusion of a single coronary artery referred to as transmural infarct, which results in complete ischemia of the area supplied by that particular coronary artery. Subendocardial infarcts on the other hand occlude the arteries incompletely, and thus allow some perfusion. But since subendocardium is the least perused area of the myocardium, it is more prone to ischemic death. The aim of reperfusion is to save the viable muscle from necrosis (Huber et al 1996). The myocardial injury is reversible for up to 30 minutes after the ischemic attack, thereafter the injury becomes irreversible. The entire muscle becomes necrotic within six hours, if the collateral arteries are not well developed (Robbins et al 2005, Mohan 2007). The development of atherosclerotic plaques and pathogenesis of the process into the myocardial infarction is a complex one. It is a chronic disease taking years to evolve before it causes any modifiable consequences. The evolvement is subtle and the resultant damage is severe. The pathogenesis of the disease involves several factors. The balance among these factors in the long run determines the outcome of the condition. These factors can either be modifiable or non-modifiable. The modifiable factors are the ones that a person can control by bringing about certain changes. They include controlling the level of fats in diet, cessation of smoking, regular exercise and maintaining the blood pressure in the normal range (Manson et al 1996). The hyperlipidemias, i.e. elevated low density lipoproteins and

Inhumanity against Jews in the Shakespeare era evident in Merchant of Essay - 1

Inhumanity against Jews in the Shakespeare era evident in Merchant of Venice - Essay Example But in a study, Jami Rogers contends that â€Å"Shakespeare, however, did not write a one-dimensional villain, but a complex character who defies explanation and who will probably never be fully understood† (1). Theaters of Shakespeare’s society had a long tradition of portraying the Jews in as greedy, usurer, and Machiavellian. But Shakespeare indiscernibly appends a new humanizing tone to his contemporary trend of Judaic portrayal that upholds a Jew character as melodramatic. Not disheartening the audience who were accustomed to view the Jews as the biblical traitors of Jesus, Shakespeare has frequently has drawn their attention to the inhuman part of his society’s attitude and behaviors towards them both in Shylock’s own word and in the plot construction of the play. Following the long cherished tradition of the theaters of his era, Shakespeare has characterized Shylock as a typical villain who is even convicted with the intention of murder. At some points Shylock can be considered as the reflection of his society’s antagonism towards him. Though inhumanly behavior of the society towards Shylock becomes outweighed by the biblical allusion of a Jew traitor hungry for a Christian’s blood, the audience is frequently reminded of the fact that Shylock is the most oppressed victim of the society’s injustice. As a part of this reminder, Shakespeare makes Shylock speak in support of the Jews humanly existence in spite of the cultural and racial difference: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? Shakespeare shows that a man like, continually facing his fellow people’s hatred and, antagonistic and humiliating behavior like spitting, stoning,

Difference between Leaders and Managers Assignment - 13

Difference between Leaders and Managers - Assignment Example Following these theories in leadership, leaders should depict voluntary action; this is the difference between leaders and managers. Leaders in the article are acting like managers, whose role is to control the employees. They fail in their roles as they are supposed to listen to their needs and look for a way forward to create an admirable working environment. The success of leaders has a different interpretation, as it is governed by many variables; this includes the leadership styles, aspects of the situation, and quality of followers (Bertocci 22). This means that they have to create a basis to enhance their relationship with employees. Â  In the recent business world, there is a need for an integrated education system, which will produce effective people in the job market. This is the main objective Ohio States studies. Through this kind of initiatives, business leaders in China will be in a position to relate professionally with both customers and employees, which is the most prominent object in any organization. With this, industries will eliminate strikes enhance increase their productivity (Bertocci 45).

Cultural Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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