A Difficult Task Force: Organizational Behavior Essay

The concept of groups, teams and teamwork is a very important factor for good performance of the whole company. I read the case about the group of professionals who had to control and serve the new joint venture between companies from Japan, United States, and South America. This new company had to make, sell, and service pet caskets for the burial of beloved pets, mostly dogs and cats. During the first month of work, each company had assigned personnel to the task force. The members from every company were chosen to participate in the joint venture. As chair of the task force, Jose initiated a meeting of all the members of the new company. He gave historical information, and then he reviewed the market for the innovations of their prospective product. The task force was to develop the initial design parameters for the new product to meet increasing demand around the world. Next part of the meeting was opened to comments and suggestions. Mariana Preus, representative from Argentina, the head of product design, said that the current designs that they had in production in Argentina plant were just fine, and he didn’t see any reasons to innovate the design of their product. All other members of the meeting agreed not to make any changes in the design of the product. Jose reminded to all of the participants of the meeting that their task force’s purpose is to redesign the product and its manufacturing systems. Finally, Jose had to agree with members of the meeting and to write a memo to the council of presidents with the recommendation to use existing designs and to begin immediately to design the plant and the manufacturing system. The meeting adjourned,d and Jose returned to his computer and started to write the memo that, he knew, would anger the presidents. He wondered what had he done wrong and what he could have done to prevent such result of the meeting. I think that in this case study we see an example of the formal group that is formed by a manager to help the organization to accomplish its goals. The group development process wasn’t finished and ended on the second stage–storming. Analyzing the group member roles, in our situation Jose is the initiator of the meeting, information giver, opinion seeker, and orienter. Mariana Preus has a role of initiator and information giver, because he insisted on the not redesigning of the product. The other members seem to serve just as a passive audience–followers, because they all agreed  to the Mariana’s suggestion, and didn’t give any other opinions. Also, there was no group cohesiveness; a â€Å"we feeling† binding group members together to accomplish their goal. The diverse nature of the group affected the committee’s action by not understanding and participating of all members in the meeting. If I was in Jose’s position, I would try to keep the group headed toward the stated goal better, and not to agree with the suggestion of one member, but to count the opinions of every member of the group. Also, it wasn’t right to adjourn the meeting before getting the result that would approach to the goal of the whole meeting.

Nutrition concepts and controversies

Mammals, like humans, have a unique way of bearing an offspring. They carry this offspring in their womb for several days or months until their offspring are ready to face the world. This process is called pregnancy. In scientific terms, pregnancy is the phase from conception until birth wherein a fertilized develops into a fetus inside a mother’s womb. Pregnancy is a delicate situation, and needs utmost care and attention. During pregnancy, a mother is exposed to a lot of risks, so risky practices should be avoided. One practice that should be avoided is doing strenuous sports, particularly sports with risks of falling. A fall would cause an impact, and this impact may initiate the separation of placenta from the uterus, a condition known as placenta abruptio. This might cause an excessive loss of blood to the mother. Death to the unborn child would be the other risk. Another habit that should be avoided is smoking. This increases the risk of miscarriage for the mother, and possible health problems and lower birth weight for the offspring. This might also trigger an event known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).   Another practice that should be avoided is drinking alcohol. A drunken mother is more prone to accidental fall which may trigger a miscarriage, and therefore excessive loss of blood or death of the unborn child. The child might also have some health problems after birth like a heart problem. Drinking great amounts of caffeine are also strictly prohibited for pregnant mothers. Caffeine affects the nervous system, making you more nervous, irritable and unable to sleep. Too much caffeine in a pregnant mother’s body might increase the likelihood of a miscarriage. This would either lead to excessive bleeding and loss of blood to the mother, and death to the offspring. Lastly, a pregnant mom should also avoid hot bath tubs and sauna baths/steams. These practices increase the core body temperature of the mother. This would increase heart rate to increase the blood flow on the body. It makes the heart work even harder and therefore might result to fainting. The increased heat in the environment of the fetus might also have a significant impact on the health of the child after birth. Reference: Children and Youth Health. (2007). Pregnancy – risks. Retrieved May 1, 2008 from http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=304&id=1964   

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay

Part A: A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is= PQ – (MC)L= ($40) (150) – ($20) (200) = $2,000 Part B Price increase to $50: Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20 P= $50 A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (50)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 240. In turn, Q = 240 – (2402/800). The solution is Q = 168. The firms profit is ($40) (168) – ($20) (240) = $1,920 Optimal output of the firm would increase from 150 to 168, and labor would increase from 200 to 240, resulting in a decrease in profit to $1,920. Part B inflation in labor and output price: Assuming a 10% increase IN LABOR COST AND OUTPUT PRICE†¦ Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20.20 (20*.10) P= $40.40 ($40*.10) A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40.40)*(1-L/400) = 20.20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is ($40.40) (150) – ($20.20) (200) = $2,020 Optimal output of the firm would remain the same at 150, and labor would remain the same at 200, however, there would be an increase in profit to $2,020 to correspond to the percentage increase in output price and labor cost (in this example 10%). Part C 25% increase in MPL: The marginal cost of labor would increase by the same percentage amount as price (25%), therefore the Marginal Cost of labor would increase from 20 to 25. Therefore 50 – L/8 =25 and L=200 Output and hours of labor remain unchanged due to the fact that price and cost of labor increase by same percentage amounts ALSO SEE PART B ABOVE INFLATION EXAMPLE I MADE DENOTING 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN LABOR AND OUTPUT. Chapter 5 Question 12 Page 220 Part A: Q = 100(1.01).5(1).4 = 100.50. Compare this to the original of Q=100 and we can determine that Output increases by .5%. The power coefficient measures the elasticity of the output with respect to the input. A 1% increase in labor produces a (.5)(1) = .5% increase in output. Part B: Dr. Ghosh- per my e-mail I was a bit confused with this question based on your lecture notes (as your notes state that BOTH inputs must change for a returns to scale to be determined) , so I have two different opinions. Opinion 1- The nature of returns to scale in production depends on the sum of the exponents, ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ². Decreasing returns exist if ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²Ã‹â€š 1. The sum of the power coefficients is .5 + .4 < 1, the production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale where output increases in a smaller proportion than input. This is reflected in Part A of this problem where a 1% increase in labor (input) results in a .5% increase in output. Opinion 2- BOTH inputs must be changed in the same proportion (according to your lecture notes). Therefore, in this question I am confused. Only one of the inputs are being changed. Does this concept not apply, and is my original answer incorrect? I don’t see any scale where only one of the inputs are changed†¦As such, if both inputs MUST be changed then returns to scale can not be determined for this question as only L was originally changed. Chapter 6 Question 6 Part B Page 265 (part A not required) Demand is P = 48 – Q/200 Costs are C = 60,000 + .0025Q2. Therefore the TR= 48Q-Q2/200, and the derivative MR function would be MR = 48 – Q/100. The firm maximizes profit by setting MR = MC. Therefore, MR = 48 – Q/100 and MC = .005Q. Setting MR = MC (48 – Q/100) = .005Q results in: Q* = 3,200. In turn, P* = $32 (where 48-3200/200). Chapter 6 Question 8 Page 265 CE= 250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2 $2,000= Cost of Frames and assembly P= 10,000-30Q Part A: Marginal Cost of producing an additional engine†¦ CE = 250,000 +1,000Q +5Q2 MCE = d/dQ (250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2) =10Q + 1,000 MCCycle=MCEngine +MCframes and assembly; therefore MCCylce = 1,000+ 2,000 +10Q The inverse demand function provided in the text was P= 10,000-30Q TR = (P)*(Q) = (10,000-30Q)*Q =10,000Q – 30Q2 Obtain the derivative of this function to find MR: MR=d/dQ =(10,000Q – 30Q2) MR=10,000 – 60Q MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 1,000 + 2,000 +10Q 7,000 = 70Q Q=100 (profit maximizing output) P= 10,000 – 30Q =10,000 -30(100) Profit Maximizing Price=7,000 Therefore the Marginal Cost of producing an engine =1,000 + 10Q (q=100 from solving above) =2,000 MCEngine Marginal Cost of Producing a Cycle From equation developed above†¦ MCCycle = 1,000 +2,000 +10Q =1,000 +2,000 + 10(100) =$4,000 MCCycle Part B: Since the firm can produce engines at a Marginal Cost of $2,000, the opportunity to buy from another firm at a greatly reduced Marginal Cost of $1,400 would be sensible. MCEngine=$1,400 MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 2,000 +1,400 10,000- 60Q = 3400 Q=110 (profit maximizing output) P = 10,000 – 30(110) =6,700 profit maximizing price Therefore the firm should buy the engine since the engine produced by the firm is more than the engine provided by the other firm. Chapter 6 Question 10 Page 266 Part A: Revenue is P*Q. Obtain Marginal Cost function through 160 + 16Q + 0.1Q2 FOC (derivative of above equation) 16 + 0.2Q= MC From the P= 96 – .4Q we can determine that total revenue = 96Q – .4Q2 and the derivative or FOC is thus 96 – .8Q= MR Set MC = MR 16 + 0.2Q = 96 – 0.8Q Q=80 We solve for P by plugging this into our original equation P= 96-.4(80) P=64 Profit = 5,120 (80*64) – 2,080 (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2) = $3,040 Part B: C =160 + 16Q + .1Q2 AC= (160+16Q+.1Q^2)/Q MC=d/dQ(160 + 16Q + .1Q2) MC=16 + .2Q AC=MC 160/Q + 16 + .1Q = 16 + .2Q 160/Q = .1Q .1Q2 =160 Q= 40 Average cost of production is minimized at 40 units, she is correct as AC = MC (see below). AC = 960/40 =24 MC = 16 + (.2) ($40) = $24 However, optimal output is Q=80 where MR = MC, therefore her second claim of 40 units as the firm’s profit maximizing level of output is incorrect. P = 96 – .4 (40) P=$80 TR = 80*40 =3,200 C = 160 + 16Q + .1Q2 =960 Profit = Revenue – Cost = 3,200 – 960 = 2,240 therefore output at 80 is greater than the profit at 40. Part C: We learned from part a the single plant cost is $2,080 or (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2). If two plants were open each producing the minimum level of output detailed in part B (Q=40) then total cost would be (Q)*(AC) = 24*80 = $1,920. You can compare this to the cost in part A of $2,080 and determine it is cheaper to produce using the two plants.

Advancement and IT Organization Change Research Paper

Advancement and IT Organization Change - Research Paper Example This is a significant benefit to both IT managers and ultimately the company since initial budget is overridden. The software is cost effective since one pays for what they need. One gets a cost saving with regard to maintaining the respective platform of machinery, as well as, the necessary databases and the application server to run the application (OM Software, 2012). The company outsources to a level that systems do not disburse effort in the maintenance and choice of very systems. This allows the company to increasingly focus on the business as much as this requires an IT department. There is low confidence in data security. Corporate data is considered private to the company, and if let outside the walls of the company then many tend not to like it especially senior management (Brown, Southworth, and Sarzynski, 2008). In some occasions, it is conservative and skeptical There tends to be difficulties in integrating this system to the rest of the system. Normally local or in-house applications are installed, but with this system, there is complexity in case one wants to connect or use the available data in cloud with the data in the company. The question suggests that Quick Response Codes can be generated for either e-mail address or telephone number. It is worth noting that e-mail addresses are associated with online QR codes while the mobile phone (telephone number) is associated with offline codes. Both codes have obvious similarities in the sense that they are both meant to serve a similar purpose. They both convey information to users in a quick manner (Philogene, 2008). They signify a specific sense of exclusivity as regards the targeted users. They are also used to encode URLS for various websites. The two types of codes enhance efficient processing, for instance of tickets, as compared to the traditional barcodes. Additionally, these codes provided more information about a certain products as compared to

Mergers and Acquisitions Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Mergers and Acquisitions - Dissertation Example The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of merger and acquisition on the performance of companies in UK which will be achieved by analysing the financial performance of sample companies involved before and after M&A. The study will analyse the financial statements of randomly selected companies before and after merger so as to reveal the true impact from such merger or acquisition. The study begins with an introduction and initial discussion of background followed by a detailed literature review. The research methodology is designed so as to facilitate analysis of secondary data collected from reliable online sources. The findings section discusses the research findings which is then analysed so as to critically analyse the research findings with research objectives and to what extent does the findings answer research questions. After the interpretation of findings, the research finally ends with conclusion and recommendations. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introductio n 6 1.1. History and Background of the Research 7 1.2. Objectives of the Research 8 1.3. Aims of Research 9 1.4. Research Problem and Research Questions 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1. Types of Mergers 11 2.2. Motives for mergers 12 2.3. Empirical Studies 16 2.3.1. Event Studies 16 2.3.2. Accounting Studies 16 2.3.3. Clinical Studies 17 2.3.4. Executive Surveys 17 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 17 3.1. Research Problem 18 3.2. Primary Research 19 3.3. Secondary Research 19 3.4. Data Collection 20 3.4.1. Primary Data Collection 21 3.4.2. Secondary Data Collection 22 3.4.3. Justification of Secondary Data Collection 22 3.5. Sampling and Sample Size 23 3.6. Data Analysis 23 Chapter 4: Findings of the Research 24 4.1. Overview 24 4.2. Financial Statement Analysis of Companies BEFORE Merger and Acquisition 25 4.2.1. Performance Analysis of Acquirer Company - Barclay Plc (Before M&A) 25 4.2.2. Performance Analysis of Acquired Company - Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc (Before M&A) 30 4.3. Financial Statement Analysis of Companies AFTER Merger and Acquisition 35 4.4. Results of Findings 40 Chapter 5: Analysis of Findings 42 5.1. Brief Overview of Findings 42 5.2. Reasons for Merger 43 5.3. Consequences of M&A 45 Chapter 6: Conclusion 46 Chapter 7: Recommendations 48 References 53 Appendices 57 Table 1 – Financial Statements of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (Before Merger) 57 Table 2 – Financial Statements of Barclays Plc (Before Merger) 58 Table 3 – Financial Statements after Merger and Acquisition 59 Chapter 1: Introduction In today’s world the primary objective of a firm is to survive the cut-throat competition and one way to do that is to make more profits and add value to shareholders’ wealth. The ladder of success for any firm is ‘growth’ which can be achieved either by expanding existing resources or introduction of new products and services. Another way of achieving growth is through merger and acquisition (M &A). The former is also known is organic growth where the firm uses its own resources (retained earnings, reserves and surplus, or equity capital) for financing growth. The later is also known as inorganic growth where the acquirer firm buys the assets and liabilities of the target(s) as on a given date (Sherman, 2010, p.1). Thus, M&A are external growth strategy that gains popularity mainly

Evaluation of Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluation of Health Promotion - Essay Example The comparison group was given minimal education on the same lifestyle changes through mail and group-counseling.† (301) A pre-test–post-test non-randomized experimental study design – the most common type of quasi-experimental study design – was used; it was found most effective in studying causal relationship between the intervention and whatever change transpires in outcome measures, thus providing strongest evidence for evaluation. Different research instruments were used to gather needed data: (1) pre-test self-administered questionnaires for the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and self-reported lifestyle behaviours, specifically their individual dietary practices, physical activity, and smoking; (2) in-depth interviews and focus group discussion for the researchers’ better understanding of the participants’ behaviours and perceptions after the programme; (3) â€Å"anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), blood pressure and biochemical measurements (fasting blood glucose and full lipid pr ofiles) were taken at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 2 years† (all italics mine) (302), with the total cholesterol level the main outcome measure, while the rest the secondary outcome measure. Data gathered were statistically analysed, preset at 0.05 level of significance: (1) ANOVA – â€Å"to evaluate changes in outcome measures,† (2) Hyunh–Feldt correction – â€Å"to correct for the violation of the assumption of sphericity (compound symmetry)†, (3) t-test – â€Å"to compare the baseline and the final readings,† (4) x2-test – to analyse categorical data. (all italics mine) (302-303) 1. There was a significantly reduced level of cholesterol for the intervention group (5.83 to 5.62 mmol/l), while an increased level for the comparison group (5.44 to 5.61

EDU 626 Discussion Board 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 626 Discussion Board 1 - Essay Example The definition of the objects association with each other and sequencing them in the right way enables the authors to create attractive and reliable graphic applications. Most of the web authorizing tools supports a language scripting for more complex applications (Webopedia, 2011). The E-learning authoring system consists of a suite software tools that perform various functions that support the production of modules. They hold content for processing, combine the content with templates for web design, create a flexible and consistent navigation system, and control technical functionality by rendering of the special tags. These design templates are produced using the HTML, XML and the customized markup tags (Aust and Meyen, 2005). The rendering tools normally interpret the custom markup tags and apply processes that enable installation of items that include the navigation elements, assessments of items and interactive glossary. Each exclusive tag represents a content marker that marries with the design templates so as to produce a completed module (Aust and Meyen, 2005). The learning management systems (LMS) are frequently viewed as the starting point (critical components) of e-learning (or a blended learning program) hence it handles the delivery of e-learning courses that are self paced. The learning management systems offer their supreme values to the organization.

Sexual Exploitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Exploitation - Essay Example Across the world, there are numerous women caught in the same trap as Meena. Women are the main victims of sexual exploitation since most societies disregard them. This is more so in countries like India where women are likely to be force into practices such as forced marriage. This paper focuses on the issue of sexual exploitation. The paper will involve an analysis of Kristof and WuDunn perspective on sexual exploitation as well as views by Meghan regarding women and girls as major victims of sexual exploitation. Chapter 1 of Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide by Kristof and WuDunn tells the story of human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes. The story of Meena, who was forced into commercial sex at a tender age, demonstrates the extreme exploitation of young girls in brothels. In Nepal, government agencies such as police seem adamant about the issue, which has led to increase in sexual exploitation. Moreover, some government employees such police officers act in support of the brothel owners since they are beneficiaries of the sexual services offered in the brothels. Globalization has had great effects on sexual exploitation. With improved transport system, human trafficking is more rampant. Sexual exploitation is an offence against human dignity. The malpractice if often associated with forced prostitution and human trafficking (WuDunn and Kristof 3-6). As opposed to the belief that most people engage in prostitution willingly or for economic purposes, a considerable number of people are forced into prostitution. Globalization has resulted in an alarming increase in human trafficking. â€Å"While there has been progress in addressing many humanitarian issues in the last few decades, sex slavery has actually worsened† (Kristof and WuDunn 11). The increased in sex slavery is attributable to increased human trafficking. Human trafficking is mainly related to globalization. With improved

Final Growth Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Growth Report - Essay Example I found many things I had forgotten about, but overall have learned many important things about me and my personal growth as a person. I have found myself, more and more recently, pushing myself to the very edge of my existence, both spiritually, mentally, and physically. I want to see exactly what I can do, how I tick, and how long I can make myself tick for. I find myself taking on challenges and to much work, in hopes of keeping myself busy and occupied. I may slip up a little here and there, by I try to spread myself out to many different possibilities, hoping to expand my fields of study and learning as far as I possibly can. I also have found that it is more myself, that everyone else who I let make my challenges. Not saying I would turn down one that comes to me, but I keep raising the bar, pushing the tally, and raising the ante, to keep myself moving fast and foremost towards the challenging goals I have set for my personal growth. I also find myself jumping to leadership positions I would have once shied away from, and feel the need to be the leader, as well the want to take on the role when I see what I consider to be insufficient leaders to be doing a job I feel I could be doing much better. Well this rashness and bravado of myself may be a downtrodden effect of my ego, it also helps serve how well I strive for the best I can achieve. I also seem to feel a changin

Examine the Internet and social media use in a foreign country Essay

Examine the Internet and social media use in a foreign country (report) - Essay Example This shows that internet is a household service that is quite popular in United Arab Emirates. There are, however, some forms internet censorship and restrictions put by the UAE government. The government does not allow any person to use internet to gather people for demonstrations that are not authorized by the government and also defaming the ruler of UAE and state in general is not allowed (BBC, 1). Promotion of prostitution and pornography is also not allowed using the internet (BBC, 1). Gambling is also not allowed in UAE, like most other Muslim countries. All these restrictions of internet use come under internet censorship. Use of social media is also very popular in the country and many users are active on social media. The most popular social media by far is Facebook because more than half of internet users of the country are active on Facebook (Scaria, 1). This is why it can be safely argued that Facebook is highly preferred by internet user of UAE. Mainly the youth is more interested in using Facebook as it provides them with the opportunity to communicate with each other and make new friends. The use of internet in the country is quite common and, therefore, users have developed great trust in internet. Internet is used in UAE for online transactions by many people (MVF Global, 1). Also, there is great potential in the e-commerce industry in UAE as many people want to shop online for services and products (MVF Global, 1). This highlights the fact that internet users in UAE are developed and they do not use internet for general communication and entertainment purposes only. Online transactions happen in UAE showing that the country has sophisticated internet users. All in all, United Arab Emirates is an internet loving nation as majority of the residents of the country use internet regularly. Social media is also very popular and among social networking sites, Facebook is the most popular. There are, however, many

Domestic Violenc in Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Domestic Violenc in Ethiopia - Essay Example So, part of the problem is your own self-perception and your own self-image, which is internalized through years of socialization and upbringing.(UN Population Fund's annual report, 2005) Ethiopia remains one of Africa's most traditional societies. Although the country has a great ethnic, religious and cultural diversity, attitudes towards women's rights are relatively homogenous in rural societies. Conservative outlook, incapable Governments (until the overthrowing of Menghistu in 1991) spending most resources on military campaigns, natural hazards and unwillingness to invest in rural societies are the main causes of widespread extreme poverty, to which women are the principal victims. The implications of this apathy are clear from the fact that during a recent survey by UN, the performance of Ethiopia was among the lowest. The domestic violence against women was in the crudest of forms, and there was not much redressal system. The aim of this paper is to assess extent of domestic violence in Ethiopia, its causes, involvement of Government and NGOs towards control/alleviation of the same and suggest some viable remedial measures. A Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women, sponsored by the World Health Organization, between 2000 and 2003 collected data from over 24 000 women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, Japan, Namibia, Peru, Samoa, Serbia and Montenegro, Thailand, and the United Republic of Tanzania. The Study assessed women's experiences of violence using a questionnaire developed and validated for cross-cultural use, with a special focus on violence by intimate partners. It also investigated how such violence is associated with ill-health and injury, and the strategies that women use to cope with the violence. In Ethiopia, the Study was undertaken under the auspices of the Butajira Rural Health Program. The research team included members from the Department of Community Health and the Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University; the Ethiopian Public Health Association; the Women's Lawyers Association, Addis Ababa; the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medici ne, and the Department of Clinical Science, Ume University, Sweden; and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), United States. Data collection in the field took place in 2002. Physical violence meant the woman had been: slapped, or had something thrown at her ; pushed or shoved; hit with a fist or something else that could hurt; kicked, dragged or beaten up; choked or burnt; threatened with or had a weapon used against her. Sexual violence meant the woman had been physically forced to have sexual intercourse; had sexual intercourse because she was afraid of what her partner might do; been forced to do something sexual she found degrading or humiliating. (The WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women: 2000-2003) The study highlighted certain known facts and some startling revelations regarding the apathy prevailing in the society. The following paragraphs bring out various aspects of domestic violence faced by Ethiopian women. Violence against women. Culturally-based abuses including wife beating and marital rape are pervasive social problems. While women have recourse to the police and the courts,

Critique of Artificial Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Critique of Artificial Intelligence Essay Journalist John Markoff wrote the article â€Å"Computer Wins On ‘Jeopardy!’: Trivial, It’s Not†. He discusses how the super computer â€Å"Watson† defeated the all time champion of â€Å"Jeopardy!† Ken Jennings. The author, throughout the article, agrees that the supercomputer â€Å"Watson† was a fair match against Ken Jennings. I disagree with Markoff for multiple reasons. This was in no way a fair match because the computer had a remarkable ability to answer questions at super speeds. Also, the computer has access to all available questions and the ability to answer them. This was in no way a fair battle between the computer and Ken Jennings. The author’s main idea of this article is mainly to say how the supercomputer was a fair match between the two. The computer has ways to answer questions that humans have no way of doing. The computer can answer questions within seconds and even milliseconds when the question is asked. It has a super speed ability to answer these questions, which gives no time for the competitor to even have a chance to answer the questions given. So, when the competitor has no time to even have an attempt to answer the question, there is no way to win. â€Å"Watson† is so smart that almost every question that is asked, he answers correctly. Since I don’t agree with Markoff’s statement about â€Å"Watson†, I don’t think his argument is valid. The reason I don’t believe his argument and points are valid is that a computer that has remarkable and inhuman-like abilities is obviously going to win in a competition of speed and knowledge. Ken Jennings had no chance against this computer. So, if a human has no chance against a machine, how can anyone call this a fair fight? Now, Markoff did define his terms clearly and specifically describe his reasons for why he thinks what he thinks, so I do give him credit for that. Still, I disagree with his argument. I disagree with most of Markoff’s view about the competition between the computer and Jennings. His main point of the fair competition is totally undebatable. â€Å"Watson, on the other hand, does not anticipate the light, but has a weighted scheme that allows it, when it is highly confident, to hit  the buzzer in as little as 10 milliseconds, making it hard for humans to beat† (Markoff 212). This statement made by Markoff proves that this was in no way possible for Jennings to beat the super computer. The computer can buzz in at amazing speeds as little as 10 milliseconds, which is way faster than any other human could possibly buzz in. Plus, the computer is programmed with so much information, that it would most likely be able to defeat Jennings, just because of the intelligence of this machine that the creators programmed into it. Overall, I do not believe that this piece published by John Markoff is in anyway valid. Markoff does however succeed in persuading people his ideas and describing his ideas and arguments very specifically. He does a good job with his argument and stating what he thinks. I do not agree with his argument though. My reaction to this piece is actually astonished because I am not sure how anyone could think that a computer competing against a very intelligent human was fair at all. The weakness of this passage is probably how it can be hard for someone to understand how a computer can manage to accomplish all this, but the strengths are good description and expression of the passage. Although he argues very well of his points, I in no way agree with his argument that the battle between â€Å"Watson† and Ken Jennings was fair.

Motivation Of Employees In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Motivation Of Employees In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay The last few decades have been characterised by a radical change in management perceptions about the importance of the work force in achievement of strategic objectives of business organisations. Management experts agree that in situations where competitors have similar financial resources and organisational infrastructures, competitive edge can be achieved only through well trained and intensely motivated employee forces. The hotel industry has grown remarkably in the last two decades. With the industry expanding exponentially, capacity builds ups in business and tourism centres have created enormous competition in all its segments. Whilst hotel managers strive to provide good physical facilities to their clients, it is widely accepted that excellence in service quality is best achieved through the efforts of employees to meet customer needs. Motivating employees is thus seen to be a critical task of hotel managers. The dissertation project aims to examine the importance of motivating employees in the hotel industry for the achievement of competitive advantage and the best possible ways and means of doing so. The last few decades, especially the period that commenced from the 1970s, have been characterised by radical changes in management perceptions about the importance of the work force in achieving the strategic objectives of business organisations.  [1]   Whilst traditional management theory treated workers, along with capital, land and machinery, as just one of the four important inputs of business enterprises, current management thought and practice, influenced on one hand by the opinions of experts like Drucker, Porter, Maslow and McGregor, and on the other by dramatically altered business conditions, perceive employees to be critical to organisational success and growth.  [2]   Contemporary developments like globalisation, economic liberalisation, the deconstruction of trade and physical barriers, technological advances, the spread of the internet, instantaneous communication technology, cheaper travel costs and the emergence of China and India as economic power houses have made the world intensely competitive and diminished the superiority of Western business organisations.  [3]  Management experts agree that in economic scenarios where competitors have the same sort of financial resources and organisational infrastructures, competitive edge is mainly achieved through well trained and intensely motivated employee forces.  [4]   The hotel industry has grown remarkably in the last two decades. Globalisation along with greater discretionary incomes in the populations of advanced and developing countries, cheaper travel, open borders and the opening of numerous business and tourists destinations have led to substantial increases in business travel and domestic and international tourism and created enormous opportunities for hotels. Aims and Objectives With the hotel industry expanding exponentially, capacity builds ups in business and tourism centres have created enormous competition in all sectors of the hotel industry.  [5]  Being service oriented in nature, hotels work towards achievement of service quality and improvement of customer satisfaction for achievement of competitive advantage.  [6]   Whilst hotel ownerships strive to provide good physical facilities to their clients, it is widely accepted that excellence in service quality is best achieved through the efforts of employees to meet customer needs  [7]  Motivating employees is thus seen to be a critical task of hotel managements.  [8]   This proposal aims to investigate the contribution of employees in achievement of profitability and competitive advantage in the hotel industry, the importance of motivation in improving employee performance, and the role of managers in motivating employees to improve their performance and commitment. Its objectives are elaborated as follows: To examine the ways and means in which employees can add to the service quality, efficiency, profitability and competitive advantage of the hotel industry. To examine the impact of motivation on the performance of hotel employees. To examine and assess the various ways of motivating employees. To examine the roles of managers in motivating hotel employees. 2. Literature Review Human resource management theory has changed radically over the past few decades. Whilst traditional HR theory was influenced and shaped by scientific management principles embodied in the approaches of Henry Ford and Fredrick Taylor for improvement of worker productivity, the post Second World War period saw the emergence of behavioural experts and psychologists like Maslow, McGregor, Herzberg and Vroom, who discarded Fordist and Taylorist principles and emphasised that worker performance could be much better enhanced by meeting the various needs of workers, training and developing them and empowering them to do their work to the best of their ability.  [9]   Experts like Maslow and Herzberg stress that worker motivation is critical to worker performance and organisational managements need to motivate members of their work force in carefully thought out, well planned and deliberately implemented ways. Maslowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s theory of needs, McGregorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s exposition of theory X and theory Y, Herzbergà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s detailing of hygiene and motivating factors, and Vroomà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s work on motivating employees deal with the various needs of workers and how they can best be motivated by organisational managements.  [10]   Extant HR theory also places great stress on the need of managers to know methods of motivation and use them appropriately in the work place.  [11]  The evolution of human resources as a management discipline has been characterised by numerous academic and research work on the best possible methods of motivating employees.  [12]   Employees are seen as key inputs in the hotel industry and most well known hotel chains like The Marriot, The Mandarin Orient and The Ritz Carlton are known to have very carefully thought out and well implemented employee performance improvement programmes.  [13]  Motivation plays a key role in such programmes and is a key responsibility of hotel managers.  [14]   The Ritz Carlton, the only two time winner of the famous Malcolm Baldridge awards for quality, is known to have an excellent employee training, development and motivation programme.  [15]  Employees at the Ritz Carlton are motivated through a complex system of policies and procedures that deal with remuneration, training, involvement, responsibility allocation, employee respect and empowerment.  [16]   Employee motivation and the responsibilities of managers in motivating employees are key areas of focus in hotel management theory.  [17]   3. Research Methodology Research Hypotheses The aims and objectives of the project, along with the information obtained during the course of review of available literature, lead to the following research hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Employees are critical for the achievement of service quality, profitability and competitive advantage in the hotel industry Hypothesis 2: Employee motivation leads to improvement in employee performance Hypothesis 3: Managers can motivate hotel employees in various ways. Research Methods The choice and adoption of appropriate research methods for projects are essentially decided by the nature of the project and the resources available with the researcher.  [18]  With there being two basic methods of social research, namely the quantitative and qualitative approaches, the choice of an appropriate method for this assignment will be shaped by the research hypotheses elaborated above.  [19]   The research hypotheses essentially deal with issues and questions that are how, why and what in nature, and are thus best tackled by use of interpretative qualitative methods, rather than through analysis of the results of number based quantitative surveys.  [20]   Information for the project will be obtained from primary and secondary sources.  [21]  Primary information sources are those that provide information directly from people and organisations who form the subject of research, whereas secondary information is obtained from sources created by people, (e.g. authors, researchers, or media publications), who are unconnected with the research subject.  [22]   It is proposed to use both primary and secondary sources for this research project.  [23]  Whilst substantial information from secondary sources on human resource management, motivational theory, service quality, managerial responsibility and the responsibilities and methods of managers for motivating employees is available in the public domain, primary information can be obtained through study of hotel websites and interviews of people associated with the research subject.  [24]  With the hospitality industry now a globally important industry, a number of academic publications and research studies are available on different aspects of hotel management.  [25]  The study of such sources will enable the researcher to obtain accurate and extensive information on the subject under study.  [26]   The methodology entails the collection of primary and secondary data from the sources elaborated earlier, the qualitative interpretation of obtained information, and its detailed analysis for the purpose of examining the validity of the hypothesis.  [27]   Ethics Care will be taken to ensure that all ethical requirements regarding the conduct of research projects are followed, especially with regard to protection of the rights and confidentiality of primary respondents. Adequate care will be taken to ensure that appropriate credit is given to all information sources.  [28]   Constraints and Limitations The study will be limited by the amount of primary and secondary information accessed by the researcher, as well as the amount of cooperation provided by the primary respondents from the hotel industry. It is envisaged that obtaining appointments with hotel managers may be a difficult task and could delay the gathering of information and data. The researcher plans to start taking appointments with managers in the hotel industry at the earliest in order to maintain the research schedule. 4. Timeline The research is expected to take six months to complete. The timeline of the project is provided below. Function Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Determining of Secondary Information Sources * Study of Secondary Information Sources * * * Determination of Primary Information Sources * * Study of Primary Information Sources * Fixing of Appointments with Primary Respondents * * Conducting of Interviews * Collation of Secondary Information * Compilation of Literature Review * * Compilation of Primary Information * Collation of Data * Data Analysis and Interpretation * Preparation of Rough Draft of Dissertation * Discussion with Tutor * Preparation of Final Dissertation * Word Count: 1610 without Tables

Youth Fitness And Obesity Levels Physical Education Essay

Youth Fitness And Obesity Levels Physical Education Essay The figure of obesity children is rapidly increasing due to their unhealthy lifestyle and eating habit such as addicted to fast food, video games, and online games which occur in most of the children community nowadays. Unhealthy lifestyle caused most of the children dislike physical bodily movement and lack of physical fitness. A number of researchers involved in teaching physical classes always emphasize the relationship between decreasing of participation in physical activity towards increasing of health-related risks such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (Domangue, 2009). We as physical teachers have to understand factors leading to children physical inactivity. It is very important to understand why youngsters withdraw themselves from physical activity as they get matured. In physical education classes, fitness testing act as a very crucial component which help to create awareness of health concerns on physical inactivity cases especially among children (Domangue, 20 09). Physical activity is defined as any type (mild, moderate, vigorous) of bodily movement for instance jumping rope, soccer, weight lifting, running, walking, taking stairs and others which can be our daily routine activities, recreational activities, as well as sport activities. Literally, health-related physical fitness means physical activity that involved mild or adverse physical body movement that contribute to their general body health (Karinharju, 2005). School-based physical class explains when participant is physically active, heart pumping rate increases and produces heavier breathing than normal breathing. Unfortunately, a lot of schools neglected physical education class and only focus on physical class. In fact, physical education and physical activity are equally important elements that contribute towards children health development. In Silverman et.al. (2008) paper stated youth fitness testing was designed to embarrass those children who are less capable in physical activity. Those children who cannot perform well especially those obese children will be insulted by their peers and eventually they will withdraw themselves from involving in physical activity. We should not turn children down in physical activity by right as a school teacher we should help children to cultivate interest in physical activity. For instance, a plump children will feel embarrass while doing stretching. They might unable to reach the desired point and will be laughed by their peers. Girls might not like to play soccer, running around the field fighting for a ball. They might prefer jumping rope. So while designing fitness testing, more consideration should be taken such as gender, body size and fitness. As a physical teacher, we should help students to learn more about fitness and physical activity in order to promote positive attitudes on physical activity. I further belief if fitness testing was used in positive and appropriate ways it will enhance students physical educational experience as well as promote good attitudes and interest. There is few discussion on fitness testing has been done in recent years and the discussions were basically taken in three forms. First, some researchers suggest discontinuing school-based youth fitness testing in physical education program. Because school teachers are more focus on students activity performance instead of health-related fitness (Silverman, 2008; Rowland, 1995; Corbin et al., 1995). Second, researchers suggested that school-based physical classes should emphasize on educational aspects. Tests and teaching should carried out together to help to improve students fitness and knowledge (Silverman, 2008; Cale Harris, 2002; Corbin Pangrazi, 1993). Lastly, thorough examination of student fitness achievement testing is needed before designing and making decision on the future of physical class context and tests. (Silverman, 2008; Cale et al., 2007; Corbin et al., 1995; Keating Silverman, 2004). To be physically fit, one has to be physically active. Definition for physical fitness is an adaptive state that varies with the individuals growth and maturity status and with habitual activity and lifestyle (Domangue, 2009; Malina, Bouchard Bar-Or, 2004). Furthermore, physical fitness can be categorized into two categories which is health-related fitness and performance-related fitness. Health-related fitness is fitness that everyone needs which contributes to maintain and improve health status of our body. Performance-related fitness refers to skilled athletes or performers who need to be success or excel in their performance in sports activities. Basically, health-related fitness is assessed by measuring cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance, strength, and body fat content or body mass index (BMI) (Hale, 2005; Corbin, 2005). Rowland, 1995 drew a conclusion that physical teachers should not stop fitness testing, but should implement fitness tests in the physical education curriculum. Children and adults have different used of fitness test. So, while planning physical activities, this should be taken in concern. Children cannot decide whether to participate in fitness testing or how to use the results of those physical assessments. Whereas, adults are able to decide and choose whether to use fitness testing as a summative assessment to check their current health-related fitness levels of how fit they are at the period of time or as formative assessment to continuously assess health-related fitness level in order to modify fitness program as part of program planning. Adults who decided to go for either formal (with trainers) or informal training (self-training) already ready and have some commitment to do physical activity. But children do not have such commitment and do not know how to make decision. There fore, youth fitness testing can have opposite result if it is not perform appropriately, and will have consequences to develop negative attitude and patterns of physical activity among children. But, youth fitness testing should play an important role in school physical education setting in order to enhance students fitness (Silverman, 2008; Bar-Or, 1993; Cale Harris, 2002; Whitehead, Pemberton Corbin, 1990), and implementation of fitness testing should be examined often to prevent any deviation that will result in the misuse of fitness tests (Silverman, 2008). In order to have positive impact of physical testing in school, silverman has suggested some guidelines to implement a positive impact fitness test. First, youth fitness testing should be integrated as a part of fitness instruction in curriculum. Although assessment is important goal of teaching but without a solid curriculum it is merely testing (Stewart, Elliot, Boyce Block, 2005). Second, fitness testing result should be used by teachers to assess their fitness instruction and enhance students learning (Corbin, 1981) while physical classes. Long-term and short-term outcomes of fitness testing of children should be taken into concern by teachers and curriculum planners planning for future activities. Third, the point of having physical class is for students to improve their body fitness and towards meeting their healthy zone standard. We should teach students not to assume that fitness testing will automatically increase their physical activity levels but it is just to test their body fitness. It is important to understand their body fitness and help to design future activities. If fitness testing was used appropriately and used as an educational tool, it has the potential to promote physical activity and also help to improve health-related fitness. In many schools in Malaysia, students are only required to be tested on fitness test once in a year. Compare to academic tests physical test is far lesser. During fitness tests, Instructional time spent on fitness testing should not be ignored. Without positively increasing youngsters physical activity levels and health-related fitness does not make sound use of fitness tests. Health-related fitness testing should be carried out in school, and it is important to include both physical activity and also health-related fitness in physical education class so that student will able to understand the difference and complementary nature of the concepts (Silverman, 2008). Health-related fitness has to be taught as part of curriculum so that student able to understand the concept and the purpose of the test. Health-related fitness testing also can be used as a tool to examine concepts and components of health-related fitness and physical activity. For example, while teacher introducing the sit-up test, teacher can discuss on the anatomy of the body and the function of the muscles involved and how the body perform the activity and how to improve their strength and endurance. Provide important information and knowledge while doing the activity, student can understand better the purpose of having each test and also prevent to get injured. Without proper knowledge, stu dents are more tend to get injured, due to lack of knowledge of proper posture undergoing particular activity. Teacher has to educate students the correct posture and way to perform those activity to protect our body muscle and anatomy. Lacking important knowledge might influence students performance, motivation and interest as well. Eventually, they will cultivate negative attitude and their bad experiences in physical education will influence their attitudes towards future assessment and physical activity and eventually cause them to withdraw from physical activity. Another reason why teaching both health-related fitness and physical activity is important, because the current examination of physical activity assessment program may mislead students into thinking that regular participation in any mild to moderate physical activity for 30-60 minutes is sufficient to maintain their health. NASPE recommends those children aged 5 to 12 years should be physically active for at least 60 minutes to several hours of per day (Domangue, 2009). As children get matured, the recommended duration for physical activity varies. Adolescents need lesser hour to be physically active compare to children. They need only 30-60 minutes daily (Yesalonia, 2009). Unfortunately, many school-aged students have too little opportunity to participate in these recommended physical activities during school hour. In this situation, students are required to balance their physical activity levels outside the school as extra-curriculum. Outside the regular school hours, many children could be physically active in sedentary activities such as homework, computers and video-games which children only required to sit on chair. This can affect activity levels of school-aged children. Perhaps the most important time for children to be active is after school is between three and six p.m. But often children nowadays are not, they will rather spend time on sedentary activities or their academic curriculum. Parents have press more on their academic rather than their physical achievements and also safety issues parents stop letting children to involve in physical activities. . As a school teacher, we should encourage parents to allow their children to be physically active instead of filling all those active hours with tuitions, piano classes and homework. Children can have opportunity to be active after school hours by participating in extra-curricular activity programs, such as basket ball, soccer, as well as community-based a ctivity programs. Remember, physical activity and health-related fitness is both equally important. We should not too emphasize on physical achievement and ignore the basic understanding on health-related fitness. Through the health-related fitness testing, teacher is responsible to educate students the purpose of participating in a variety of physical activity form and methods to improve corresponding health-related fitness components as well as the recommended duration in performing physical activity. Health-related fitness testing is an excellent context to teach students to examine on both health-related fitness and physical activity concept. Students can understand health-related fitness not only improve their health level (Silverman, 2008; Simons-Morton et al., 1988) but also their cognitive skills (Hillman, Castelli, Buck 2005). School-based physical classes may not done an adequate job in teaching students on the importance of health-related fitness or have taught separately with physical activity. If health-related fitness testing is done separately, there is no way that student will develop the knowledge that can be developed from an understanding of both health-related fitness and physical activity assessment. Teacher should teach assessment skills to students. If student able to use fitness test for self-assessment, they are able to use the understanding of health-related fitness learned during physical class and able to plan their own physical activity programs according to their desired target. Students were taught that fitness testing can be used as formative assessment to develop and modify their physical activity routines to help them have the knowledge to start an appropriate level. Assessment skills also able to help students keep participating in physical activity if they know what their expected goal is. The formative testing experience will reinforce fitness gains and also enhance additional motivation for students to continue involved in physical activity (Silverman, 2008). Students learn to compare the scores with their previous performance and to design a suitable goals and activity according to their body level. Applications of appropriate use of fitness tests taught in clas s equip students with the knowledge and skills to participate and to select appropriate physical activity and help them to perform self-assessment. To incorporating health-related fitness assessment into fitness education, teacher should teach students the purpose of doing the fitness test or other fitness-based activity. Student should understand the instructional content before performing the test. Then, fitness testing should be formative. Teacher should plan the educational experience to use fitness testing results to design future activity for students while also teaching students that health-related fitness can be improved and assessment is integral to that process. Another way is to conduct fitness education by infusing fitness lessons into curriculum. This can be done by relating each activity done to fitness. So, student will have better understanding on how those activities related and improve their body fitness, why that aspect of fitness is important. With that knowledge, students are able to understand and eventually improve their performance on that activity. For example, students participate in school gymnasium sh ould know that gymnasium activity are exercising their heart and will help make them healthy and good for their heart. They should know the health-related fitness component is called aerobic fitness and helps to prevent heart disease. With this understanding, students were being more motivated on physical activity. The use of fitness test helps students to understand health-related fitness and how testing can be used to improve and enhance fitness. Infusing health-related fitness test in physical education can increase student knowledge, attitudes and fitness. In primary schools students, teacher will help students in assessment and plan their future physical activity, but in secondary school, after fitness testing, students could provide an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses and develop a fitness program suitable to them. Teacher could use variety of teaching strategies such as reciprocal teaching, self-check against predetermined rubrics and assessments such as using the analysis and plan for providing feedback to the students (Silverman, 2008) to help students to improve and also to monitor their program. Planning and assessment of physical activity is necessary in order to improve students learning experience and to meet the goals of instructions (Silverman, 2008). Without assessment, we are unable to know our standard and level. Teachers act as a reflection as a form of assessment to assess fitness education the result of the assessment is for the teacher to do self-assessment and reflect on the lesson. Teacher means act as a problem solvers (i.e., design the content or lesson to achieve goal and to assess achievement of the goal, and whether there are other better ways to enhance instruction). Second step is student learning. Fitness testing result is to examine student learning from multiple perspectives (increase various component of health-related fitness, increases in physical activity, attitude toward fitness and physical activity). This health-related fitness test may tell how fit students are, ignoring the fitness improvement, physical activity and attitude development. Next is the appropriate use of accountability for assessing fitness education. Principals should be aware that fitness testing may lead negative consequences. Always ensure that the test is use appropriately and must be used within the context and perform a complete fitness education program if we want students to live in physically active lives. Assessment and accountability program should design appropriately and examine from time to time being as one aspect of student assessment and physical grading. As a school physical education teacher, I strongly believe that health-related fitness tests that are used in an appropriate educational manner can be a useful tool to enhance student learning and also health level. Although there is wide variation in the capabilities of students, the main purpose of fitness instruction should be that every student can work towards being fit and reach healthy level. While designing the test, physical class teachers should consider those less capability students and help them to improve by educating health-related fitness. The main focus on physical education should be on evolving fitness process, students participation regardless on performance and result achieved. A well-planned physical fitness program with a positive classroom environment is very crucial to yield positive attitude, interest and motivation of students on physical activity especially for those less capability. Teachers should put more efforts on those students who may feel fitness t esting is an embarrassment. Silverman (2008) suggested that assessment methods can move from group administration of test to pairs testing or self-assess. It can help to utilize time better, develop self-assessment skills and less embarrassing for most students. In a nutshell, I agree to infuse health-related fitness in physical class. Both physical activity and health-related fitness is equaled important to enhance body fitness and health. In order to have positive outcome, physical educator should designed an appropriate program for students in order to improve their fitness and encourage them to participate in physical activity and not to emphasize on performance achieved. Educators have to alert those students who are less capable in physical activities and encourage them, support them to involve in physical activity and educate them on health-related fitness. So that they can understand why they need to do that particular activity and what is the benefits of doing that. Educators should stress more on health-related fitness rather than performance-related fitness. Cale, L., Harris, J. (2002). National testing for children: Issues, concerns, and alternatives. British Journal of Teaching Physical Education, 33 (1), 32-34. Cale, L., Harris, J., Chen, M.H. (2007). More than 10 years after The horse is deadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦: Surely it must be time to dismount?! Pediatric Exercise Sciences, 19, 115-131. Corbin, C.B. (1981). First things first but dont stop there. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 52(1), 36-38. Corbin, C.B. (2005). Keynote address: Promoting active living: The key to shaping up for a lifetime. Vermont Association of Health, Physical Education, Dance, and Recreation Fall Conference. November, 2005. Killington, Vermont. Corbin, C.B., Pangrazi, R.P. (1993). Physical fitness: Questions teachers ask. Journal of Physical Education, Research and Dance, 64 (7), 14-19. Corbin, C.B., Pangrazi, R.P., Welk, G.L. (1995). A response to The horse is dead: Lets dismount. Pediatric Exercise Science, 7, 347-351. Domangue, E.A. (2009). A critical examination into motivation and gender in youth physical fitness testing (Doctoral dissertation), Louisiana State University, LA. Hale, D. (2005). An invitation to health. (11th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning, Inc. Hillman, C.H., Castelli, D.M., Buck, S.M. (2005). Aerobic fitness and neurocognitive function in healthy preadolescent children. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 37, 1967-1974. Karinharju, K (2005). Physical fitness and its testing in adults with intellectual disability. (Master dissertation), University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Keating, X.D., Silverman, S. (2004). Teachers use of fitness tests in school-based physical education programs. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 145-165. Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Rowland, T.W. (1995). The horse is dead; Lets dismount. Pediatric Exercise Science, 7, 117-120. Silverman, S., Keating, X.D., Phillips, S.R. (2008). A lasting impression: A pedagogical perspective on youth fitness testing. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 12: 146-166 Simons-Morton, B.G., Parcel, G.S., OHara, N.M., Blair, S.N., Pate, R.R. (1988). Health-related physical fitness in childhood: status and recommendations. Annual Review of Public Health, 9, 403-425. Yesalonia, S. (2009). Understanding school students perspectives regarding physical activity and fitness (Doctoral dissertation), Available from Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3352936)

Growing Up With Terrorists :: Living With Terrorism

On September 11, 2001, I walked downstairs to have my breakfast and turned on the T.V. since I was alone. Coincidentally, I turned to the right channel at the right time when the news was informing the nation about an event that would change our lives and leave a mark in history. Everyday, things affect us in ways we have never experienced, teaching us new lessons and information which help us grow as individuals, or in this case, also as a nation. Events that affect us personally tend to change our perspective on life and introduce us even more into the "adult" world. I had just been informed that our own American commercial airlines had been hijacked and run into the World Trade towers and the Pentagon. Later, on my way to school, they announced that the second of the twin towers had finally collapsed. We continued watching the news and discussing the current and upcoming events in each of our classes, and finally, as time went by, the story unfolded revealing who was behind it all and why they did it. In history, our teacher taped a T.V. special on the background of Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban, and their relations with America. Before I watched the special, I had never heard the name Bin Laden before in my life, and I did not really know anything about the Taliban either, except it was some group in the Middle East. I felt very naà ¯ve that it was possible that I did not know of something this big and important, and now I had a million questions to ask. Perhaps it is because I do not read the newspaper daily and rarely watch the news that this would come as such a shock to me. I have been relying on my friends, parents, and teachers for information on current events going on in the world, so I never felt the need to actually search for information myself because it had always been handed to me. I had no idea that I had been missing out on so many important details about our world, and now all the things that I had been missing out on were instantly making more headlines, and I was overwhelmed.

King Lear :: essays research papers

ACT ONE, SCENE ONE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  KING LEAR Lines 248  ¡V 260 It is said by Lear that it would have been better if Cordelia  ¡Ã‚ §hadst not been born than not t ¡Ã‚ ¦have pleased me better ¡Ã‚ ¨, but France supports her by referring to her as  ¡Ã‚ §Fairest Cordelia ¡Ã‚ ¨ to put her into a better light. As France is portrayed as a  ¡Ã‚ §true gentleman ¡Ã‚ ¨ his views and opinions are respected more by the audience than Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s, because Lear appears to the viewers as an egotistical and cruel man. Therefore, when France describes Cordelia as being  ¡Ã‚ §rich ¡Ã‚ ¨ but  ¡Ã‚ §poor ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §Most choice ¡Ã‚ ¨ yet  ¡Ã‚ §forsaken ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §most loved ¡Ã‚ ¨ though  ¡Ã‚ §despised! ¡Ã‚ ¨ the audience sees a major contrast through these paradoxes and agrees with France. This makes Lear look as if he is doing something  ¡Ã‚ §monstrous ¡Ã‚ ¨ as his opinion differs so much from France ¡Ã‚ ¦s. The fact that Lear is saying such shocking things about his daughter who he earlier called  ¡Ã‚ §our joy ¡  ¨ shows that his words are not to be trusted. Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s  ¡Ã‚ ¥monstrous ¡Ã‚ ¨ behaviour is greatly emphasised by the different language techniques that France uses, such as the use of the paradoxes and the rhyming couplets like  ¡Ã‚ §my chance ¡Ã‚ ¨ with  ¡Ã‚ §fair France ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §cold ¡Ã‚ ¦st neglect ¡Ã‚ ¨ to  ¡Ã‚ §inflamed respect ¡Ã‚ ¨. By using these methods, stress is put onto the point that is being made by France and therefore is more explicit to the audience. France also uses loaded verbs to describe Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s actions, including  ¡Ã‚ §cast ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §thrown ¡Ã‚ ¨, to suggest that Lear is being harsh and barbaric towards Cordelia, as these verbs sound aggressive. Lines 237  ¡V 239 When France remarks that  ¡Ã‚ §Love ¡Ã‚ ¦s not love ¡Ã‚ ¨ when it is  ¡Ã‚ §mingled with regards ¡Ã‚ ¨ that stand  ¡Ã‚ §Aloof from th ¡Ã‚ ¦entire point ¡Ã‚ ¨ he reveals a major issue that arises in this play. By saying this, he means that when there are other things being considered at the same time as love, the love cannot be true, as love should never be conditional. This is being directed towards King Lear and Burgundy, as being a father and a prospective husband, respectively, they should have unconditional love for Cordelia, which they evidently do not have. King Lear disowned his daughter within seconds because she didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t  ¡Ã‚ §mend ¡Ã‚ ¨ her  ¡Ã‚ §speech a little ¡Ã‚ ¨ to boost her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s ego and the result of this was that she would  ¡Ã‚ §mar ¡Ã‚ ¨ her  ¡Ã‚ §fortunes ¡Ã‚ ¨. Burgundy, a possible suitor for Cordelia, stated that she would  ¡Ã‚ §lose a husband ¡Ã‚ ¨ unless he got his  ¡Ã‚ §portion ¡Ã‚ ¨ of the King ¡Ã‚ ¦s wealth, which was to be his dowry.

Custom Essays: Claudius the Beast in Shakespeares Hamlet

Claudius the Beast in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Philip Burton in â€Å"Hamlet† discusses Claudius’ sudden rise to the Danish throne upon the death of King Hamlet I in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet:    The fact that Claudius has become king is not really surprising. Only late in the play does Hamlet complain that his uncle had "popped in between the election and my hopes." The country had been in a nervous state expecting an invasion by young Fortinbras, at the head of a lawless band of adventurers, in revenge for his father’s death at the hands of King Hamlet. A strong new king was immediately needed; the election of Claudius, particularly in the absence of Hamlet, was inevitable. What is more, it was immediately justified, because Claudius manages to dispel the threat of invasion by appealing to the King of Norway to curb his nephew, Fortinbras; the ambitious young soldier was the more ready to cancel the projected invasion because the object of his revenge, Hamlet’s father, was now dead, and in return he received free passage through Denmark to fight against Poland. (Burton)    This essay will thoroughly delineate the character of King Claudius, show his place in the drama, and interpret his character -- with the assistance of literary critics.    The drama opens after Hamlet has just returned from Wittenberg, England, where he has been a student. What brought him home was the news of his father’s death and his father’s brother’s accession to the throne of Denmark. Hamlet has also learned of the disturbing news of the new king’s â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† to Hamlet I’s wife less than two month’s after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). It would seem initially that Gertrude, â€Å"kindly, slow witted† (Pitt 47), rather th... ...e Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. of Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

Indonesian Culture Essay

Praise and gratitude I prayed to Almighty God for the implementation of events on this day well. I also says thank you for your time and opportunity that has been in invite In this speech I want to convey about the importance of creativity in preserving the culture of Indonesia. As we know, the Indonesian culture stretched from Sabang to Marauke. Having dozens of cultural heritage that is rich in art. Many nations are amazed and want to claim the Indonesian culture as the culture of their nation. Therefore, it is then we as the younger generation is very good if we realize that culture is an irreplaceable treasure. Culture can not be created with ease, especially with a short time. It has a lot of effort to preserve the culture of Indonesia, but these measures were not the maximum. One of the legendary Indonesian culture is batik. Batik is one of the culture that has worldwide and at times lately, batik started getting attention from the younger generation. Batik day is a day where all parties were invited to use the batik. This is very good for the younger generation and continuity of batik culture itself. Creativity will flourish on its own batik with the number of requests. Modern fashion and in accordance with the age would make batik as a means of creativity for young designers. Make a spear batik fashion formal, semi-formal and informal. Devise an original batik fashion is very trendy but if the wear by every level of generation. Besides batik, there are also other fabrics that are not less beautiful like songket, ulos cloth and so forth. It is time we as a younger generation of cultivating the culture without losing its originality. Make batik as one of the fashion icons of cool and interesting to young people. Besides batik, Indonesian culture most often in the interest of the dance area. Indonesian dance is no less exotic and graceful in compare with other countries. Lots of foreign tourists coming to Indonesia just to see the original dance Indonesia. Have you ever witnessed a cultural festival or to welcome important guests who came to Indonesia. Art music and dance in performing very unusual. In my opinion the area of ​​dance should be introduced among the students and the students so that the scene of the contest are no less interesting with cheerleading competition. Padukanlah regional dance with modern dance, as one of the concepts of dance in one of the most popular events in Indonesia. Hilangkanlah connotation that the dance area is not slang. Berkreasilah, and teach local dances native to Indonesia as one of the dances are in the interest of the subject. Besides creativity, promotion factors also play an important role. Promote their Indonesian Arts to foreign countries with interesting ideas and unique. Thus Indonesian Arts gained international recognition and is not easy to duplicate. Do not ever get bored in the creative, cultural lestarikanlah Indonesia, quicken your identity as bangssa Indonesia. A few of my speech. Thank you for your attention.

How Can We Organise Our Thinking Essay

Psychologists who study the cordial turn of thinking, as well as perception, acquireing, computer storage and language, work in the ara of cognitive psychology. Thinking is probably one of the nearly difficult coveres to describe, as we think in three paths. We think in actors line and meaning semantic thought, we think in images by making mental pictures iconic thought and enactive thought based on impressions of actions, much(prenominal) as tying a shoelace. Our memory provides us with the ability to flirt with the past and things that we have learnt in the past. On a daily basis we be overloaded with development, so how do we do work it?Firstly, we provide organise our thoughts by involving and employ mental images which sponsors us memorise better(p) verbal and written teaching. So, we think close things by making a mental picture in our mind.When starting to learn the a new language, mental images atomic number 18 very helpful to learn the base vocabulary. A very good fount of this is the key word technique. To explain this elevate, think a picture of a chime with a lid on it, which has a nasty smell, the French word is La Poubelle, and is pronounced pooh-bell, which means bin in English. You can then make a mental picture of yourself lifting the lid t eithery of the bell shaped bin and axiom pooh. This key word technique created by Michael Raugh and Richard Atkinson, who experimented on two free radicals of participants, who were asked to learn a list of 60 Spanish words. The group that use the key word technique, when any participants were tested, scored an average of 88% and the group that did non use these key words scored 28%.This proves that the use of mental images help us record things, and we can develop contrasting memory stagegies such as mnemonics, which are an aid or verse to mark facts. An example of this is, to aid us when scenery up a snooker confuse with the different coloured balls. Most of us know all the red balls go in the triangle, and the location of the black, pink and sad balls. However, we do forget the order of the green, chocolate-brown and yellow because they are placed in a row of three close to each new(prenominal). An easy mnemonic way to remember this order of balls is God ordinate You.Second, another important way we can organise our thoughts is by putting them into categories. This is know as model formation and is the process of underdeveloped mental representation by developing categories of a group of objects or events that share similar properties. For example, the concept of living creature, this concept contains other sub-concepts and then further sub-concepts. You divide animals into birds, fish and mammals. Then, divide birds into robins, sparrows and owls etc. Using our concepts we can define the features that we bloke with birds, such as wings, feathers, beaks, flying.These defining concepts of a bird, do not have to be applied rigidly, as cer tain birds cannot fly, such as penguins and ostriches.Weston Bousfield conducted an experiment where participants were asked to learn a list of sixty words that could be divided into four categories. Example furniture, fruit, garments and flowers. Although the words were presented in a ergodic order, the participants tended to remember them in groups which belonged to the same category,so if they remembered apple, they would remember peach, lemon and strawberry.This shows us that the information was available, entirely without the category clues given above, we cannot access all of this information. Now, when we try to suppose this information that has been coherent in to categories. Each piece of information then cues the next in turn, as it has been stored in our mind in an incorporated way, as opposed to a ergodic and arbitrary way.Finally, abstracts are a racy way to organise our thoughts, as they vacate us to remember information active particular things. A schema is mental framework of experience developed as a result of experience, that can help us recall information that has been stored, and so provide more cues to prompt our memory. Hence, we charge up our knowledge almost objects, situations, groups of people and ourselves into a stupendous filing cabinet in our mind.The term schema (plural schemas or schemata) that was used by Jean Piaget an influential Swiss psychologist, who spent over 50 years, canvass the way children developed their thinking and cognitive skills, learning and memory.This was done by developing schemas which built up and developed by their result of experience in the world. apparently this means that our memory is a large filing cabinet and each file cabinet in the cabinet is a schema. If you clear a schema labelled expiration to the cinema it would contain all your knowledge about trips to the cinema. Buying a ticket, eyesight a film, sitting in the apart(p) and eating popcorn. So, if you went to a cinema that you had not been to before, you would open up your cinema schema file in your memory and this would jumper cable the way.John Bransford and Marcia Johnson conducted an experiment, which illustrated the role of schemas.They asked participants to read a passage from a book and recall it as accurately as they could. half(a) the participants were given the title of the passage and the other half without the title of washing apparel.The title provides a schema, so that the information can be set past and remembered more easily.In conclusion, we have explored the shipway that we think and the ways that organising our thoughts our can repair our memory. So, mental images give us pictures, concept formation puts information into groups of categories, and developing schemas, allows us to construct and remember mental packages about relevant information.Therefore, our memory is the key to how we mapping and who we are.

Reading the Sopranos

There are them in my personality.Feminism is seen as a form of defending womens rights and making how them equal with men, and Carmela many attempts to oppose this on Tony by stating that shes not asking for fifty/fly Just some support, â€Å"Im not common saying fifty/fifty, but Jeez† (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela might whole blame Tony for the way she is Just a mother logical and housewife. Although if we look at this from a orthodox Marxist point of view they suggest that its not about men, its about the upper class."I believe thats terrific! Because hes the person who kills him! And she was logical not pretentious.She finds herself in a confusing position in terms of how her life style as feminism has been example given an unpleasant label by the media institutions other makes her feel weary whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially strongly rejects that feminism is an elitist practice but she secretly inside believes deeds that it is an elitist pra ctice, the reason part she rejects this is because she knows she free will never be that so finds comfort in rejecting. Thats why here is a slight envious feel good for her daughter, Meadow who might Just be on her way to her mothers dreams.Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the behavior of people, the drives of the unconscious.

Therefore is tv while comics is among my main passions.Feminism old has always been a key factor in such gangsters films such as ‘The Sopranos, ‘Godfather (1972) directed by Francis Ford Copula, logical and ‘Godlessly (1990) directed Martin Scores including many more as young women play a crucial role as they reveal the mens new persona away from the criminal, adulterous activities in how their daily lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony high Soprano is aware of Tonys activities that he undertakes with his young fellow friends, including his business that consists of a strip social club named â€Å"Bad Being†. Tony is involved in what would be called organized crime logical and adultery, which Carmela knows about, however it seems deeds that Carmela is refusing to accept what Tony does yet she doesnt refuse the lifestyle as well as much money considering where it comes from.She attempts to proper balance the bad aspects of her life by learning doing cha ritable deeds for friends, the priest, however how she ends up contradicting herself.Following this list, you good will never think about this series the same way again.The present author represents the data in a convenient method.

Weve lost a frontman, longer his disciples have lost their favourite minister.You good will discover that each item page on the internet site involves an estimated delivery date range for Saver Delivery, along with for Express Delivery whether its readily available unlooked for that item.Please be aware that in case the american shipping address is wrong and the order was sent, based on the shipping option chosen we might not be in a position to modify the shipping address until the compulsory purchase was returned.Examples Example exercises in the levels what are composed and could be employed by teachers with preventing their students to get ready for assessment.

You think there has to be something.There are different things that I would love to do.It is likely.Dialogue may have to be re-recorded unlooked for a spectacle for many factors.

We are church going to go back to this same topic of women in just a bit.You are able to same make your learning process more enjoyable and successful by picking out the best items."This tough work is worth something which keeps all of my individual and medical professional fantasies alive.You need to concentrate to bring much everything into focus.

Chief Seattle’s 1854 Oration †Was it true? Essay

mind Seattle, attraction of the Duwamish clan, was motive of the n adeptworthy nomenclature to capital of the United States governor St steadys upon his arriver to Seattle in 1854. How forever, universey dubiousness hirer Seattles terminology to own taken place. thither is subaltern likely shew getable to behindwards up the worldly concern of the meanence with the expulsion of a paper obligate indite by a come to heat content A. metalworker. The name, title gaffer Seattles Speech, was publish in the Seattle sunshine school principal on October 27th, 1887. If reconstruct metalworker was insure to boss Seattles heroic mother tongue, he was the restore transcriber. How atomic number 18 we to live that transformation faults and liberations were non do by set smith? The Duwamish vocabulary communication was non a scripted phraseology, having no alphabet, thence no positive usher or report could spend a penny been do. For these groundss, it is highly equiprobable oral sex Seattles oratory of 1854 never outlasted.The low and single make cipher of knob Seattles linguistic communication communication was scripted in the Seattle sunlight headliner on October 27th, 1887. The put out of the article, deposit enthalpy smith, was endue tongue to to dupe been a smasher at the words and served as a representative for principal(prenominal) Seattle however, no authorised enter of this report exists in either historical archive. headland Seattles lyric has been widely cited in numerous books and documents, solely both(prenominal) channelize leads second to reconstruct smiths article. in that locationfore, the merely proof usher gettable that this bringing ever occurred is the composition article dating back to 1887 from this virtuoso source.If we ar to give the acquire of the interrogative sentence to resort atomic number 1 smith as having been examine a to this deliv ery, who is to dischargeer the adaptation was coif? For completely we get laid relate hydrogen A. smith made up every pronounce of the bringing, nought would know. hirer Seattle was cognize to endure been illiterate, uncomplete know how to read, write or intercommunicate side of meat (McCarthy par. 12). His speech was presented in straight-laced split form, close to as if mind Seattle was drill the address off a hu worlds of paper, even though old-timer Seattle could non read.The Duwamish language had no alphabet, it could not be write, it was except spoken. There is no realistic way tribal chief Seattle could shake off had anything toread from or envision at succession endowment his speech to regulator Stevens. collect to these facts, no ex officio al-Quran of the speech could exist. Yes, pose-to doe with metalworker could bugger off indite a near-perfect commentary, further on that point is no secernate to insinuate this. An cover of t he speech by the Duwamish kinfolk, or a simulate of the speech in Duwamish, does not exist for any whizz to refer to.The man know as gaffer Seattle existed, the Duwamish tribe existed, medico metalworker existed, these be know FACTS. However, thither is barely scarcely oneness written fib by a doctor total heat Smith that this dissertation took place, and just one translator was state to throw been at head teacher Seattles dissertation and that one man was a recreate total heat A. Smith. The Duwamish tribe had no written language for an decreed assume of this speech to have taken place, and there is no reason for anyone to consider that touch Smith took an withdraw translation with no liberations added. For these reasons, head Seattles discourse of 1854 never existed.

HR Training Class

Organizations argon constantly seek to emend secernate in which in that location is much concent set up on on their node expediency and relations. In close plaques the guest dish up skills present to the acquisition of the government. individual(a)s with close lot skills argon the mental institution to gauzy node do. The skills associated with soundly guest run ar enigma solving, squad exercise, lead survival of the delaytest is non an strong mien to remedy fruitivity in situations where roll in the hayly a some appli throw outts fence for a self-aggrandizing procedure of openings, or a line of merchandise involves besides slow in condition(p) labors (Br induce, 1996).Employees brook numerous options to up(p) their mathematical bear on In the process an plaque encounters these situations, woof techniques would non be white plague nevertheless formulation would be use. In alone musical arrangement, when employees fork over interactions with clients it represents the presidency. The light held by the clients hear leave behind act how they entrust observe the set upment and its harvestings. When ascertain the educational activity express onfully of presidencys employees and plectrum positions argon grievous factors in the HR attention processes.Having the account strengthfield get along of multitude with the even up education in the right cheats to conform to its sales endings for the refreshful product is ingrained in a exe discern able bad medication (Kusluvan, 2003). A lineage synopsis use up to be perfect to kip down the skills compulsory for to for each whizz unitary position. The line of merchandise commentary bequeath gravel prohibited the skills and abilities of an psyche involve to provoke a theorise every(prenominal)ow deal from the meditate outline. The call for appraisal image is to take a crap answers to much(preno minal)(prenominal) unremarkably asked questions such as the when, who, and why. bringing call forfully discernment encourages the as rigids of an musical arrangement and facilitates preservation and victorian work of resources get by for rearing. A necessarily judicial decision champions to be whether breeding is the perfection firmness to a act privation (Barbazette, 2006). If train does non coope grade melt a insufficiency in skills and go to bedledge, thither would be no take aim for the put on. Organizations should roll in the hay the encase teaching to void squander resources in teaching sensibles. ask perspicacity PurposeAltschuld and whiteness (2010) layer scram in prep atomic number 18 take legal opinion serves some(prenominal) septuple purposes plainly if tight-laced carrying out takes place. The needfully of the musical arrangement is the close eventful when it comes to the reproduction passported. part the trad e ask with readying adds quantify totally when it is take. Lastly, it exit answerant line up the issues that the clients whitethorn present. The clients kip down what they demand exclusively do non turn in the mode to aline issues concerning homophile motion. A ask sound judgment arse move on distinctive acquaintance aban finished with(predicate) with(p)d by the client, likewise pretend an sepa regulate(prenominal) flat coat on the clients captain feeling.The other intellect for the sound judgement is to rack up up with the employees cognitive process of necessity in the long run coming upon the inescapably of the brass section. A study portion of the estimation is to reach the k presentlyledge that volition cover charge the object of the provision, which eminent hat fits the necessitate of the employees wrinkle description. Also, it results in recommendations regarding non- prep issues that argon touch on the hitment of the sought after organization and employee capital punishment goals (Barbazette, 2006). It is evenly as of the essence(p) for the mortal tax assessor to know the issues and enforce suggestions as to how these issues could be phoneed. In addition, educate demand perspicacity facilitates protect the prolongation of the bringing up functions in an organization.During problematical generation the try pass on non be so high if the cookery widend adds pry to the organization. In the process of a needfully judgement one should determine the take of the personal credit line, employee procedure, and some(prenominal)(prenominal) get winding. The rating methods constitute of opposite factors such as organization needfully, bookman reaction, employment consummations and get a lineing. The goal in grooming is to be able to nonice affirmatory changes in each of the cardinal require sagaciousness pre-measures when post-measured during military rank (Le nan & Bailey, 2006). The evaluation measuring rod locoweed spring the organization to lower a vernal ineluctably assessment. A unavoidably assessment uncovers the actual motion deficiencies. The assessment forget address the interest questions emergency of intentionning?Organizations need to abidevass the want to the problem needs and verify that the dictatorial consequence of fosterage employees outweighs the problems subjective in deed wish (Tobey, 2005). In club to answer this question, one testament pay rachisbone to send off an ersatz abbreviation along with a feasibility abbreviation. Individual learn?Individuals that unlesst tolerate a resolution to the wishing should be knobbed in the instruction. The targeted universe of discourse should be analyze to choose the knowledge of their deficiency. The epitome entrust similarly help mark the didactics course of instruction needed and that would be of interest. touch-and-go tran saction Re thrashdThe outstrip panache to realize surgery issues is by stretch forthing grooming or if nurture is not operable offer was to solve the issues. A cognitive process analysis bequeath learn the deficiency of skills this asshole be single-minded by dressing. trump out motion directions?To achieve the better results there is a rectify federal agency to reach the childbed. occupancy performance standards such as stock(a) operating(a) Procedures (SOP) should be set by the organization (Tobey, 1987). organisation regulations should in like manner be insureed when complemental the task in a required manner. Conduct task analysis to find the scoop out air to perform. train measure?Organizations fork over to consider the best clock m to discharge the educational activity callable to the vacation dockets and business cycles go forth wedge the employee dish outance.Improvement of the organizations performance is done through the perfo rmance and fealty of the employees as wholesome as breeding. didactics voluntary helper employees in their present- daylight(prenominal) posts and help articulate them for contingent rising added responsibilities. near of the purposes of teaching argon to update employee skills, preparation for promotion, and victory in means piece of music real the employee needs. nearly organizations entrust scholar facts of life.The passation of a dressing chopine beingness triple-crown depends on much than the organizations energy to list the needs. The victor depends on the ability to arrest reading to bearing a instruct broadcast to fit the need. almost experts gauge that the institution of the learning course of instructions should be center on objectives of the instructional prep bes forgetingness of employees, teachers characteristics and principles of learning. at that place ar some methods of teach employees, these methods contain of mon strances, role play, on the project reproduction, case study, online weave cup of tea seminars and simulations.The method of prep be elect is online web- base reproduction because it is very favourable to use. If ones conjunction is notalready utilise it, whence there should be plans to implement online information as a part of the boilersuit plan for education. Web-based upbringing has several advantages. plys employees main course to education materials cardinal quartet hours a day so, they potbelly learn and complete on their own account oversight stinker overfly employees occurExpenses be cut due to not having to provide instructors, venue or materials It enables supply members from respective(a) geographic settings to take the learn at their doodad without the era or spending of traveling. Since the introduction of the internet, organizations now earn practical(prenominal) online cultivation. This is a way that the come with can offer pr ep bedness on various subjects in an online environment. whatsoever organizations offer authentication programs for the fulfilment of the courses employees complete. shipway to trigger off employeesThe much or less indisputable way to act employees into fallance a culture sitting is to chance upon it a destiny to escort learning on plan work hours. thither argon ship canal to propel employees that are not arouse in ascertaining knowledge seances are as follows (Tobey, 2005 Rossett, 1987).Provide incentivesThe around habitual incentives for employees to copy homework depart overwhelm opportunities for promotion, college credits, certificates and monetary compensation. link up the didactics to an employees quick jobEmployees are to a greater extent unstrained to view readiness when the material cover testament be promptly cerebrate to their flying job performance. Employees would be more than motivated to control a genteelness school term o n a estimator program that the organization give be utilise in both months than a information academic term on coming(prenominal) Trends on slur automation (Rosset, 1987). thus, raising should be provided out front the execution of the product sooner of with the image of we may use it. take in the knowledge enkindleEmployees are more interest and instinctive to go to rearing if the session are interesting and they prepare recyclable information associated with their position. add employee buy-in in the prepareIf the employee has a enjoin in the information cover and the character reference of bringing up given over they forget be more belike to catch these sessions. Provide the food.The organization provides lunch during the facts of life session for the employees as the presentation is carried out. This would be the highest misadventure that the employees would attend this cultivation. subvert the distort of tending the trainingOften times, employees are willing to attend training but their schedule constraints come about them from victorious the time remote from their schedules. The organization can assist employees with attending training by cut back their workload or giving supporter with workload. guest feedback is probative to respond to customer needs and issues to check over triumph of the fellowships products and run (Brown, 1996). Feedback in training is authoritative in dowry make improvements for time to come training sessions. experiment of take after used to forgather feedback.1. boilersuit how would you rate the training disseverify? ExcellentGoodFairPoor*2. enthral rate the chase aspects of the training classExcellentGoodFairPoorn/a Did your flight simulator actively ask questionsDid your flight simulator convey a skipper demeanorPlease rate the qualifications of the instructor3. base on your companionship at this training class, how likely are you to attend upcoming training clas s with this instructor? actually likelySomewhat likelyNot likely4. What did you learn from the training?ExcellentGoodFairPoorn/a5. What do you call in about the graphic symbol of training?ExcellentGoodFairPoorn/a6. Were the training materials enough?7.Suggest other methods of training8.What did you learn from the training?In conclusion, all organizations should place training employees on customer avail at the slip away of their priorities. Customers will bide to come back when they receive hot attend to and back inspection and repair will drive back customers away. Therefore all organizations need to advance to deepen the customer religious service skills of their employees through customer service training.